SCRC Data Capture and Analysis System
Help Facility for Analysis Program
Copyright © 1984-2019, Gilles Detillieux, Spinal Cord Research Centre, University of Manitoba. All Rights Reserved.
Analysis Methods
Analysis Parameters
Hierarchy of Analysis Menus
| Menu Selection | Action Performed |
|---|---|
| Analysis | |
| Graphs | |
| Action-potential | |
| By-train | |
| Freq-inst. | Set analysis type to Averaged instantaneous spike frequency vs Train number |
| Interval | Set analysis type to Averaged inter-spike interval vs Train number |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Duration | Set analysis type to W.F. spike train duration vs cycle duration |
| Firing-level | |
| Freq. | Set analysis type to Firing level vs firing frequency |
| Spike-occurrence | Select Averaged or Raw firing level vs spike occ. |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Vs-cycle | Select Averaged or Raw firing level vs step cycle |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Spike-occurrence | |
| Freq-inst. | Select Averaged or Raw instantaneous spike frequency vs spike occ. |
| Interval | Select Averaged or Raw inter-spike interval vs spike occ. |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Vs-cycle | |
| Count-per-bin | Set analysis type to Action potential vs step cycle histogram |
| Freq-inst. | Select Averaged or Raw instantaneous spike frequency vs step cycle |
| Interval | Select Averaged or Raw inter-spike interval vs step cycle |
| Position | Set analysis type to Action potential position vs step cycle |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Sorted | Set analysis type to Action potential position sorted by cycle length |
| W.F.-level | |
| Count-per-bin | Set analysis type to Action potential vs W.F. level histogram |
| Freq-inst. | Select Averaged or Raw instantaneous spike frequency vs W.F. level |
| Interval | Select Averaged or Raw inter-spike interval vs W.F. level |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Correlation | |
| Auto-corr. | Set analysis type to W.F. spike auto-correlation histogram |
| Cross-corr. | Set analysis type to W.F. spike cross-correlation histogram |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Interneuron | |
| Latencies | Set analysis type to Raw trace spike latencies vs step cycle |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Spike-counts | Select Averaged or Raw trace spike count vs step cycle |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trace-amplitude | |
| By-frame | Set analysis type to Raw trace amplitude vs frame number |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trace-vs-W.F.-amp | Select Averaged or Raw trace amplitude vs W.F. level |
| Vs-cycle | Select Averaged or Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle |
| Y-vs-X | Select Averaged or Raw trace amplitude vs trace amplitude |
| W.F.-amplitude | |
| Duration | Set analysis type to W.F. activity burst duration vs cycle duration |
| LDP-vs-duration | Set analysis type to W.F. L.D.P. level vs cycle duration |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Vs-cycle | Select Averaged or Raw W.F. amplitude vs step cycle |
| Y-vs-X | Select Averaged or Raw W.F. level vs W.F. level |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Raw-W.F.-display | Set analysis type to Raw waveform display |
| Start&stop-time | Set analysis type to W.F. activity start & stop time analysis |
| Trace-average | |
| By-tag | Set analysis type to Trace averaging based on tag value |
| Cycle-triggered | Set analysis type to Trace averaging based on cycle phase |
| Frame-list | Set analysis type to Trace averaging by frame list |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| W.F.-level-based | Set analysis type to Trace averaging based on W.F. level |
| Undo | Set analysis type to previously used method |
| Waveform-average | |
| Both-spikes&cycles | |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Spike-occurrence | Set analysis type to W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle |
| Vs-cycle | Set analysis type to W.F. averaging – spikes within cycle |
| Cycle-triggered | Set analysis type to Waveform averaging based on cycle phase |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Spike-triggered | |
| All | Set analysis type to Waveform averaging – spike triggered |
| Interval | Set analysis type to W.F. averaging based on spike interval |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Bins-save | Save current averaged data in a file |
| Calibration | Set run calibration information and channel names |
| Load | Load calibration information/labels from current run |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Save | Save calibration information/labels for current run |
| Trace | |
| Height | Set A/D value for calibration pulse height |
| Level | Set Calibration pulse level in uV |
| Name | Set Channel name (label) |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Visually | |
| Bin | Select averaged bin to view |
| Frame | Select raw frame to view |
| Next | View next frame/bin in sequence |
| Prev | View previous frame/bin in sequence |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Set | Set calibration height/zero for trace visually |
| Zero | Set A/D value for zero volts |
| View | |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Traces | View trace calibration and run information |
| Waveforms | View waveform calibration and run information |
| Waveform | |
| Height | Set A/D value for calibration pulse height |
| Level | Set Calibration pulse level in uV |
| Name | Set Channel name (label) |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Visually | Set calibration height/zero for waveform visually |
| Zero | Set A/D value for zero volts |
| Directory | Change working directory |
| Go | Perform selected analysis |
| Keep | Save current parameters in a file |
| Load | Load parameters from a file |
| Maint | Run file and waveform file maintenance |
| Blanking | Create a W.F. with blanked out intervals |
| Avg | Subtract out averaged window for W.F. blanking [N] |
| Delay | Set Delay to window for W.F. blanking [0 per] |
| Go | Proceed with blanking operation |
| Number | Set Waveform # for data to be blanked [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Window | Set Window duration for W.F. blanking [0 per] |
| Change-descr. | Change the run description for the current run |
| Differentiate | Calculate the differential of a waveform |
| Erase-W.F. | Erase a waveform |
| Filter | Create a smoothed waveform by filtering |
| Amp | Set Amplification factor (gain) of filter [0] |
| Baseline | Set Baseline level for full-wave rectification [0 ] |
| Cutoff | Set Cutoff frequency of filter [0 ] |
| Divisor | Set Sampling rate divisor |
| Go | Proceed with rectification/filtering operation |
| Highpass | Perform highpass filtering, rather than lowpass [N] |
| Lower-discr. | Set Filter window discriminator- minimum level allowed [0 ] |
| Notch | Perform notch filtering, rather than lowpass [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Rectify | Full-wave rectify signal before filtering it [N] |
| Upper-discr. | Set Filter window discriminator- maximum level allowed [0 ] |
| Visually | Set baseline & window discriminators visually |
| W.F. | Set Waveform # for data to be filtered [0] |
| Zero-lag | Zero-lag (two pass) filtering [N] |
| Gen.-trigger | Regenerate a trigger signal waveform from frames |
| Link-W.F. | Create a link to a waveform |
| Make-W.F. | Create a waveform from a trace, using frame data |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reframe | Spike-trigger a new set of frames |
| All | Reframe entire run |
| New-run | Reframe into a new run |
| Overwrite | Reframe current run, replacing existing data |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Without-W.F. | Reframe into a new run, without copying waveforms |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Range | Reframe & trim run to current analysis range |
| New-run | Reframe & trim into a new run |
| Overwrite | Reframe & trim current run, replacing existing data |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Without-W.F. | Reframe & trim into a new run, without copying waveforms |
| Select-frames | Invoke frmsel program to select frames |
| Trim | Trim run to current analysis range |
| New-run | Trim into a new run |
| Overwrite | Trim current run, replacing existing data |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Plot | Produce plotted output of displayed results |
| Axes | Set Plotter pen # for axes and text [0] |
| Data | Set Plotter pen # for data points/lines [0] |
| File | Produce HPGL plot file |
| Interpolation | Linear interpolation for plotter output [N] |
| Markers | Set Plotter pen # for marker symbols/lines [0] |
| Plotter | Spool HPGL plot to plotter |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Screen | Screen redraw mode while plotting [N] |
| Text | Text plotting mode for plotter output [N] |
| Video | Dump video screen image to printer |
| Quit | Exit from analysis program |
| No | Stay in program |
| Yes | Leave program |
| Reset | Reset various parameters to initial values |
| All | Reset all parameters and display options |
| Display-options | Reset all display options |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Required | Reset only parameters required for current analysis method |
| Set | Set analysis parameters |
| Avg | |
| Bins | Set Number of bins for W.F./trace averaging |
| Preview | Display preview of data used in average [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start-bin | Set Starting bin # for W.F./trace averaging |
| Traces | |
| Frame-list | Set List of frame #’s for frame averaging |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trace-list | Set List of trace #’s for frame averaging |
| Waveforms | |
| Delay | Set Delay to window for W.F. averaging [0 per] |
| List | Set List of waveform #’s for W.F. averaging |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Window | Set Window duration for W.F. averaging [0 per] |
| Cycles | |
| In-phase | |
| Delay | Set Delay for cycle phase selection [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Window | Set Window for cycle phase selection [0 per] |
| Percent-active | Set Percent of normalized cycle which is active [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Stop-time | Base cycle selection on stop time [N] |
| Trains | Base cycle selection on spike activity trains [N] |
| Waveform | Set Waveform # for step cycle selection [0] |
| Disp-opt | |
| Description | Set Additional description for graph display |
| Graph-type | |
| Diamond-size | Set Size (in pixels) of diamond symbol [0] |
| General | Set Graph (symbol) type code for data graphs [Adaptive] |
| Adaptive | Automatic selection of Dot or Symbol |
| Bar | Set graph type to Bar |
| Dot | Set graph type to Dot |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Symbol | Set graph type to Symbol |
| Histogram | Set Histogram type (bar style) code [Adaptive] |
| Adaptive | Automatic selection of Dot or Bar |
| Bar | Set graph type to Bar |
| Dot | Set graph type to Dot |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Symbol | Set graph type to Symbol |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Std-dev | Set Graph type code for plotting standard deviations [Adaptive] |
| Adaptive | Automatic selection of Dot or Bar |
| Bar | Set graph type to Bar |
| Dot | Set graph type to Dot |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Symbol | Set graph type to Symbol |
| Tag-symbol | Set Tag character to be used as graph symbol |
| Main-title | Set Main title for graph display |
| Num-format | Set Format of numbers or number pairs for Bins-save |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Scaling | |
| Autoscale | Automatic scaling mode for graph axes [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Round-out | Rounding out of min/max on scale bars for graph axes [N] |
| X-axis | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum X-axis value [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Scale-bar | X scale bar/axis display [N] |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum X-axis value [0] |
| Y-axis | |
| Histogram | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum Y value for histograms [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum Y value for histograms [0] |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum Y-axis value [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Scale-bar | Y scale bar/axis display [N] |
| Traces | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum level for any trace |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum level for any trace |
| Waveforms | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum level for any waveform |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum level for any waveform |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum Y-axis value [0] |
| Toggle | |
| Areas | Show areas under mean and std. dev. curves [N] |
| Cursor | Get cursor readings on displayed data [N] |
| Hist. | Histogram display for averaged data graphs [N] |
| Interp. | Linear interpolation of data points [N] |
| Overlay | Overlayed bins for averaged trace(s) [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Relative | Display relative levels for averaged trace(s) [N] |
| Std-dev | Display of standard deviation of averaged data [N] |
| Top-titles | Top title display for graphs [N] |
| X-interp. | Extend interpolation toward clipped points [N] |
| Units | |
| Freq | Set Units for frequency display |
| Hz | Set units to Hz |
| KHz | Set units to KHz |
| MHz | Set units to MHz |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Level | Set Units for AD sample display |
| uV | Set units to uV |
| mV | Set units to mV |
| V | Set units to V |
| KV | Set units to KV |
| AD-units | Set units to A/D |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Time | Set Units for time period display |
| usec | Set units to usec |
| msec | Set units to msec |
| sec | Set units to sec |
| periods | Set units to per |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Waveform | |
| Height-tr. | Set Percent of raw W.F. display height used for traces [0] |
| Interp.-W.F. | Interpolate points in W.F.s for parm. setting [N] |
| Last-tr.-only | Show only last trace in range horizontally above W.F. display [N] |
| Mark-frames | Mark frame positions on W.F. display [N] |
| Overlay-W.F. | Set Waveform # for signal to be overlayed during W.F. parameter setting [0] |
| Pens | Set Plotter pen assignments for raw W.F. display |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Resolution | Set Horizontal resolution for W.F. display [0] |
| Time | Set Maximum length of time per waveform section [0 per] |
| File | Set run file name |
| Graph | |
| Bins | Set Number of bins for average data graphs |
| Cycles | Set Number of cycles displayed on graph [0] |
| Normalize | Normalization of step cycle lengths [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Regression | Set Polynomial degree for curvilinear regression [0] |
| Start-bin | Set Starting bin # for averaged data graphs |
| Levels | |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Second | |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trace | |
| Number | Set Trace # for second amplitude measurement (for Y axis) [0] |
| Percent-max. | Show Y axis trace amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reference | Set Offset to second trace amplitude reference point [0 per] |
| Sample | Set Offset to second trace amplitude sample point [0 per] |
| Windows | |
| Avg-ref. | Average points in second trace reference window [N] |
| Degree | Set Polynomial degree for regression in second trace reference window [0] |
| Find-max. | Find maximum point in second window, instead of minimum [N] |
| Integrate | Integrate (sum up) points in second sample window [N] |
| Mean | Average (find mean of) points in second sample window [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reference | Set Search window for second trace amplitude reference point [0 per] |
| Sample | Set Search window for second trace amplitude sample point [0 per] |
| Visually | |
| Bin | Select averaged bin to view |
| Frame | Select raw frame to view |
| Next | View next frame/bin in sequence |
| Prev | View previous frame/bin in sequence |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Set | Set second trace amplitude windows (for Y axis) visually |
| Visually | |
| Bin | Select averaged bin to view |
| Frame | Select raw frame to view |
| Next | View next frame/bin in sequence |
| Prev | View previous frame/bin in sequence |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Set | Set second trace amplitude parameters (for Y axis) visually |
| Waveform | |
| Number | Set Second waveform # for Y-axis amplitude measurement [0] |
| Percent-max. | Show Y-axis W.F. amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Range | |
| Auto-range | Set second waveform min/max levels automatically to full range |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum level for Y-axis W.F. amplitude [0 ] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum level for Y-axis W.F. amplitude [0 ] |
| Visually | Set second waveform min/max levels visually |
| Trace | |
| Active-phase | Measurements during active phase of cycle only [N] |
| Number | Set Trace # for amplitude measurement [0] |
| Percent-max. | Show trace amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reference | Set Offset to trace amplitude reference point [0 per] |
| Sample | Set Offset to trace amplitude sample point [0 per] |
| Windows | |
| Avg-ref. | Average points in trace reference window [N] |
| Degree | Set Polynomial degree for regression in trace reference window [0] |
| Find-max. | Find maximum point in window, instead of minimum [N] |
| Integrate | Integrate (sum up) points in sample window [N] |
| Mean | Average (find mean of) points in sample window [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reference | Set Search window for trace amplitude reference point [0 per] |
| Sample | Set Search window for trace amplitude sample point [0 per] |
| Visually | |
| Bin | Select averaged bin to view |
| Frame | Select raw frame to view |
| Next | View next frame/bin in sequence |
| Prev | View previous frame/bin in sequence |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Set | Set trace amplitude windows visually |
| Visually | |
| Bin | Select averaged bin to view |
| Frame | Select raw frame to view |
| Next | View next frame/bin in sequence |
| Prev | View previous frame/bin in sequence |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Set | Set trace amplitude parameters visually |
| Waveform | |
| Activity-basis | Base cycle activity statistics on start of activity [N] |
| Delay | Set Delay for W.F. amplitude measurement [0 per] |
| Fixed | Fix W.F. level bins to selected W.F. amplitude range [N] |
| Number | Set Waveform # for amplitude measurement [0] |
| Percent-max. | Show W.F. amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Range | |
| Auto-range | Set waveform min/max levels automatically to full range |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum level for W.F. amplitude [0 ] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum level for W.F. amplitude [0 ] |
| Visually | Set waveform min/max levels visually |
| Window | Set Window for W.F. amplitude measurement [0 per] |
| Misc | |
| Bursts | |
| Cycle-offset | Set Cycle error offset for burst duration graph [0 per] |
| Duration-type | Set Type of burst duration calculation [0] |
| 0->start-stop | Calculate burst duration from start to stop |
| 1->start-start | Calculate burst duration from start to next start |
| 2->stop-start | Calculate burst duration from stop to next start |
| 3->stop-stop | Calculate burst duration from stop to next stop |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Flip-durations | Flip around durations on X and Y axes [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Relative | Show burst durations relative to cycle durations [N] |
| Second-W.F. | |
| Cycles | Use second W.F. for end of burst measurements [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trains | Use second W.F. for end of train measurements [N] |
| Vs-cycle | Show burst positions in cycle on X, not cycle durations [N] |
| Interval-range | |
| After | Take interval after spike, instead of before [N] |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum inter-spike interval included in average [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum inter-spike interval included in average [0 per] |
| L.D.P. | |
| Flip-LDP&duration | Flip around L.D.P. and duration on X and Y axes [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Time-on-X | Show cycle start times on X, not cycle durations [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start&stop-time | |
| Cycle-durations | Show cycle durations in place of usual X-axis [N] |
| Flip-X&Y | Swap all X and Y parameters, to flip axes |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| X-axis | |
| Cycle-offset | Set Cycle error offset for X-axis of graph [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Stop-time | Base X-axis of graph on stop time [N] |
| Trains | Base X-axis of graph on spike activity trains [N] |
| W.F.-number | Set Waveform number for X-axis of start/stop time graph [0] |
| Y-axis | |
| Cycle-offset | Set Cycle error offset for Y-axis of graph [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Stop-time | Base Y-axis of graph on stop time [N] |
| Trains | Base Y-axis of graph on spike activity trains [N] |
| W.F.-number | Set Waveform number for Y-axis of start/stop time graph [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Range | |
| All | Set Start & End points to whole run |
| Delete-sections | Set sections (ranges) to be deleted, visually |
| End | Set End point of analysis range [0 per] |
| Go | Perform selected analysis |
| Next | Move start/end of analysis range forward |
| Prev. | Move start/end of analysis range back |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Relative | |
| All | Set Start & End points to whole run |
| Double | Double current analysis range, keeping centered |
| End | Set End point of analysis range, keeping current length |
| Go | Perform selected analysis |
| Half | Halve current analysis range, keeping centered |
| Length | Set Length of analysis range, keeping current start |
| Next | Move start/end of analysis range forward |
| Prev. | Move start/end of analysis range back |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start | Set Start point of analysis range, keeping current length |
| Undo | Set Start & End points to previously used range |
| Visually | Set start/length of analysis range visually |
| Waveform | Set Waveform # for analysis range selection [0] |
| Start | Set Start point of analysis range [0 per] |
| Undo | Set Start & End points to previously used range |
| Visually | Set start/end of analysis range visually |
| Waveform | Set Waveform # for analysis range selection [0] |
| Spikes | |
| Correlation | |
| After | Set Number of spikes to correlate after trigger spike [0] |
| Before | Set Number of spikes to correlate before trigger spike [0] |
| Number | Set Waveform # for spike cross-correlation [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trace | |
| Discriminator | Set Window discriminator for spikes on trace [0 ] |
| End-thresh | Set Hysteresis for spikes on trace [0 ] |
| Number | Set Trace # for spike analysis [0] |
| Offset | Set Delay to start of spikes on trace [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start-thresh | Set Threshold for spikes on trace [0 ] |
| Visually | |
| Bin | Select averaged bin to view |
| Frame | Select raw frame to view |
| Next | View next frame/bin in sequence |
| Offset | Set trace spike offset visually |
| Prev | View previous frame/bin in sequence |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Thresholds | Set trace spike thresholds visually |
| Waveform | |
| Activity-basis | Base spike activity statistics on start of activity [N] |
| Disp-cycles | Display of start and end of cycle activity [N] |
| Number | Set Waveform # for spike analysis [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reverse | Spike occurrences from end of cycle [N] |
| Skip | Set Number of spikes to skip at start of cycle [0] |
| Tags | Set List of tag #’s for frame selection |
| W.F.-disp | |
| Abs.-time | Display time scale in absolute units, not relative to start [N] |
| Both-crossings | Display of both start and end markers on W.F. [N] |
| Cycle-lengths | Display of cycle durations on W.F. display [N] |
| Mark-crossings | Display of cycle crossings on W.F. display [N] |
| List | Set List of waveform #’s for raw W.F. display |
| Overlap | Calculate & show overlapping W.F. activity [N] |
| Partial-res | Use partial display resolution on W.F. display [N] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Time-min. | Set Minimum length of time scale for waveform display [0 per] |
| View | View current settings of various parameters |
| All | View all parameters and display options |
| Display-options | View all display options |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Required | View only parameters required for current analysis method |
| W.F.-activity | Set waveform activity parameters |
| Export | |
| Cycles | Export cycle activity markers for this waveform |
| Deleted-sections | Export deleted section markers for this waveform |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trains | Export spike train markers for this waveform |
| Unit | |
| Current | Export current single-unit data set for this waveform |
| Number | Export a selected single-unit data set for this waveform |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Import | |
| Cycles | Import cycle activity markers for this waveform |
| Deleted-sections | Import deleted section markers for this waveform |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Trains | Import spike train markers for this waveform |
| Unit | |
| Current | Import current single-unit data set for this waveform |
| Number | Import a selected single-unit data set for this waveform |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Keep | Save waveform parameters in file |
| Load | Load waveform parameters from file |
| Quit | Leave waveform parameter setting menu |
| Reset | Reset waveform parameters to initial values |
| All | Reset all waveform parameters |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Virtual-W.F. | Remove virtual waveform link |
| Set | |
| A.-range | |
| All | Set Start & End points to whole run |
| Delete-sections | Set sections (ranges) to be deleted, visually |
| End | Set End point of analysis range [0 per] |
| Go | Perform selected analysis |
| Next | Move start/end of analysis range forward |
| Prev. | Move start/end of analysis range back |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Relative | |
| All | Set Start & End points to whole run |
| Double | Double current analysis range, keeping centered |
| End | Set End point of analysis range, keeping current length |
| Go | Perform selected analysis |
| Half | Halve current analysis range, keeping centered |
| Length | Set Length of analysis range, keeping current start |
| Next | Move start/end of analysis range forward |
| Prev. | Move start/end of analysis range back |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start | Set Start point of analysis range, keeping current length |
| Undo | Set Start & End points to previously used range |
| Visually | Set start/length of analysis range visually |
| Waveform | Set Waveform # for analysis range selection [0] |
| Start | Set Start point of analysis range [0 per] |
| Undo | Set Start & End points to previously used range |
| Visually | Set start/end of analysis range visually |
| Waveform | Set Waveform # for analysis range selection [0] |
| Interp.-W.F. | Interpolate points in W.F.s for parm. setting [N] |
| Mark-frames | Mark frame positions on W.F. display [N] |
| Cycles | |
| Delay | Set Minimum delay between cycle threshold crossings [0 per] |
| End-thresh | Set Hysteresis for end of waveform cycle activity [0 ] |
| Levels | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum level shown for cycle selection [0 ] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum level shown for cycle selection [0 ] |
| Visually | Set min/max discriminator levels visually |
| Name | Set Name for waveform cycle activity |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start-thresh | Set Threshold for start of waveform cycle activity [0 ] |
| Trig-mode | Strict trigger mode for cycle selection [N] |
| Visually | |
| Automatic | Automatically set all cycle crossings |
| Find-min&max | Adjust start/stop times to local min/max |
| Manual | Manually add/delete cycle crossings |
| Phase-shift | Shift cycle crossings forward/backward in cycle |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Time-shift | Shift cycle crossings forward/backward in time |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Resolution | Set Horizontal resolution for W.F. display [0] |
| Spikes | |
| Discriminator | Set Window discriminator for W.F. spike analysis [0 ] |
| End-thresh | Set Hysteresis for end of waveform spike activity [0 ] |
| Name | Set Name for waveform spike activity |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Start-thresh | Set Threshold for start of waveform spike activity [0 ] |
| Trains | |
| Automatic | Automatically set spike trains |
| Gap | Set Minimum gap between trains of waveform spikes [0 per] |
| Manual | Manually add/delete spike trains |
| Phase-shift | Shift spike trains forward/backward in their cycles |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Time-shift | Shift spike trains forward/backward in time |
| Unit | |
| Automatic | Automatically set single-unit data |
| Baseline | Set Baseline W.F. level where spikes start and end [0 ] |
| Discr-end | Set Window discriminator for end of W.F. spike (AHP) [0 ] |
| Import | Import current single-unit data set for this waveform |
| Look-at | |
| All | Show all spikes in all single-units, overlaid |
| Current | Show all spikes in current single-unit, overlaid |
| Just-conflicting | Show all spikes conflicting with current single-unit |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| W.F. | Mark all spikes in current single-unit on W.F. display |
| Manual | Manually set single-unit data |
| Number | Set Number of single-unit waveform spike data set to use [0] |
| Options | |
| Delay | Set Delay to start of window for spike display [0 per] |
| Interp. | Linear interpolation of data points [N] |
| Min-interval | Set Minimum possible time between two successive spikes [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Window | Set Window duration for spike display [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Spike-area | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum allowed area under spike from onset to baseline (A/D sum) [0] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum allowed area under spike from onset to baseline (A/D sum) [0] |
| Visually | Visually set spike area parameters |
| Upper-thresh | Set Upper threshold for peak of waveform spike [0 ] |
| Visually | Visually set second discriminator, baseline & upper threshold parameters |
| Width | |
| Lower-bound | Set Minimum allowed time between spike onset and fall to baseline [0 per] |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Upper-bound | Set Maximum allowed time between spike onset and fall to baseline [0 per] |
| Visually | Visually set spike width parameters |
| Visually | Set waveform spike thresholds visually |
| Time | Set Maximum length of time per waveform section [0 per] |
| Virtual-W.F. | Setup a virtual waveform link to another waveform |
| View | View current settings of waveform parameters |
| Page: 1 |
Analysis: Trace averaging by frame list
A single bin is set up for each trace in the “Trace # list“. All frames in the “Frame list“, which fall in the range to be analysed, are added in to obtain a single average for each trace. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
This analysis method can also be used to view raw traces; just set the “Frame list” to select a single frame, and set the “Trace # list” to select the traces you want to see. The traces are shown in numerical order, and any repetitions in the list are ignored.
If your current run is a run of already averaged data, you can still perform this averaging. The total number of sweeps shown takes into account the number of sweeps already averaged into each frame in the run. The “Start of run” and “End of run” parameters have no effect here, since frames of averaged data have no inherent “time of occurrence.”
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>ATF | Analysis method | Trace averaging by frame list |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>ST | Tag list | All |
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| <Esc>SATF | Frame list | All |
| <Esc>SATT | Trace # list | All |
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 2 |
Analysis: Trace averaging based on cycle phase
A number of bins are set up for each trace in the “Trace # list“, evenly dividing the normalized cycles. Each frame in the range to be analysed is added in to the appropriate bin, based on the point in the cycle where the frame was triggered. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>ATC | Analysis method | Trace averaging based on cycle phase |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| <Esc>ST | Tag list | All |
| <Esc>SATT | Trace # list | All |
| <Esc>SAB | # bins- avg | ? |
| <Esc>SCP | Percent of cycle active | 0 |
| <Esc>SAS | Start bin- avg | 1 |
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTO | Overlay bins | N |
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 3 |
Analysis: Trace averaging based on W.F. level
A number of bins are set up for each trace in the “Trace # list“, evenly dividing the range of voltage levels measured from the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. Each frame in the range to be analysed is added in to the appropriate bin, based on the waveform level associated with the frame. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the frame was triggered, used to obtain a level reading on the waveform.
The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only frames whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the average. Normally, these two parameters only restrict the range, and do not enlarge it: if the parameters are beyond the range of voltage levels in the waveform, it is the measured range which is divided into bins, not the range defined by the parameters. However, if the “Fixed W.F. level bins” option is enabled, then the two parameters above will always define the range which is divided into bins, even if it exceeds the range of levels in the waveform.
Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. You can also exclude frames that occur during the inactive phase of cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“, by enabling the “Active cycle phase only” option. This restricts the average to frames that occur between the start and stop times of activity in any cycle. If the “Base cycles on stop time” option is also enabled, then the opposite is true; frames occurring in the inactive phases are included, and frames in the active phases are left out.
| Page: 4 |
Analysis: Trace averaging based on tag value
A number of bins are set up for each trace in the “Trace # list“, corresponding to the tag values in the “Tag list“. Each frame in the range to be analysed is added in to the appropriate bin, based on its tag value and where this value appears in the list. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>ATB | Analysis method | Trace averaging based on tag value |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>ST | Tag list | All |
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| <Esc>SLTA | Active cycle phase only | N |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SATF | Frame list | All |
| <Esc>SATT | Trace # list | All |
| <Esc>SAB | # bins- avg | ? |
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 5 |
Analysis: Waveform averaging – spike triggered
A single bin is set up for each waveform in the “W.F. # list“. Each action potential in the range to be analysed triggers a “sweep” from each of the above waveforms. The sweeps are added to obtain a single average for each waveform.
The parameter “W.F. avg window” controls the duration of each sweep, and “W.F. avg delay” is a positive, zero or negative offset from the time the sweep is triggered to the time the sweep’s window begins.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AWSA | Analysis method | Waveform averaging – spike triggered |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SAWL | W.F. # list | All |
| <Esc>SAWD | W.F. avg delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SAWW | W.F. avg window | ? |
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 6 |
Analysis: Waveform averaging based on cycle phase
A number of bins are set up for each waveform in the “W.F. # list“, evenly dividing the normalized cycles. For each cycle in the range to be analysed, a “sweep” is triggered at the start of each bin in the cycle, and the sweep is added into its bin. The window and delay are set as they are for spike triggered averages.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AWC | Analysis method | Waveform averaging based on cycle phase |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| <Esc>SAWL | W.F. # list | All |
| <Esc>SAWD | W.F. avg delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SAWW | W.F. avg window | ? |
| <Esc>SAB | # bins- avg | ? |
| <Esc>SCP | Percent of cycle active | 0 |
| <Esc>SAS | Start bin- avg | 1 |
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTO | Overlay bins | N |
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 7 |
Analysis: W.F. averaging – spikes within cycle
A number of bins are set up for each waveform in the “W.F. # list“, evenly dividing the normalized cycles. Each action potential in the range to be analysed triggers a “sweep” from each of the above waveforms. Sweeps are added in to the appropriate bins, based on the point in the cycle where each sweep was triggered. The window and delay are set as they are for spike triggered averages.
| Page: 8 |
Analysis: W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle
A number of bins are set up for each waveform in the “W.F. # list“, corresponding to individual action potentials, or spike occurrences, in the cycles. For example, 10 bins represent the first 10 action potentials in each cycle. A sweep is triggered for each of these action potentials, and added into its corresponding bin. The window and delay are set as they are for spike triggered averages.
The “Spikes to skip” parameter can be set to indicate how many spikes to ignore at the beginning of each cycle. If it were set to, say, 5, then 10 bins would represent the sixth to the fifteenth actions potentials. If the “Reverse spike occurrences” option is then enabled, the 10 bins would represent the fifteen down to the sixth action potentials from the end of the cycle.
| Page: 9 |
Analysis: W.F. averaging based on spike interval
A number of bins are set up for each waveform in the “W.F. # list“, evenly dividing the range of inter-spike intervals selected by the “Min inter-spike interval” and “Max inter-spike interval” parameters. Each action potential in the range to be analysed triggers a sweep from each of the above waveforms. Each sweep is added in to the appropriate bin, based on the interval from the previous action potential. No sweep is triggered for the first spike in the range to be analysed, since no previous spike exists to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” have been properly set, intervals are calculated and sweeps are triggered only for spikes in the same spike train, and no sweep is triggered for the first spike in each train. The window and delay are set as they are for spike triggered averages.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the bin for a given sweep is selected based on the interval to the next action potential, rather than the interval from the previous one. No sweep is triggered for the last spike in the range to be analysed, rather than the first, nor for the last spike in each train, when spike trains are set.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AWSI | Analysis method | W.F. averaging based on spike interval |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SAWL | W.F. # list | All |
| <Esc>SAWD | W.F. avg delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SAWW | W.F. avg window | ? |
| <Esc>SAB | # bins- avg | ? |
| <Esc>SMIL | Min inter-spike interval | ? |
| <Esc>SMIU | Max inter-spike interval | ? |
| <Esc>SMIA | Take interval after spike | N |
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| <Esc>SDTO | Overlay bins | N |
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 19 |
Analysis: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
The start or stop of activity on the waveform selected by the “Y-axis W.F. #” is plotted with respect to the start or stop of activity on the waveform selected by the “X-axis W.F. #“. A point is plotted for each cycle on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“, and the start or stop times are calculated relative to the start of the cycle in which they occur. If the “Normalization” option is enabled, times are calculated as a percentage of the cycle length.
If the option “Base X on stop time” is enabled, times for the end of activity, rather than for the start of activity, are used for the X coordinates. If the option “Base X on spike trains” is enabled, the start or end of spike trains for this waveform are used for the X coordinates, rather than the usual (duty cycle) activity. The “X-axis cycle offset” is used to effectively time-shift the cycles for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity or spike train falls. This allows more reliable results in borderline cases. For example, if a burst usually starts somewhat after the start of the cycle, but starts a bit early for a few cycles, you can select a negative offset of a few milliseconds so that these few bursts will properly be associated with the cycles in which they occur, even though they start a few milliseconds before the start of their associated cycles. Similarly, a positive offset can be used if a few bursts end slightly after the end of the cycle in which they occur. Note that this offset does not affect the calculation of the coordinate, so it is possible to get negative points plotted. Similar options for the Y-axis waveform exist, and are used in the same way.
If the “Cycle durations on X” option is enabled, the usual X-axis is overridden by the cycle durations. In other words, the graph becomes one of start or stop time of activity in cycle, versus cycle duration.
| Page: 20 |
Analysis: W.F. activity burst duration vs cycle duration
The duration of activity (duty) on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #” is displayed with respect to the duration of cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. A point is plotted for each activity burst on the former waveform, which falls into one of the cycles of the latter waveform in the selected range to be analysed. If the option “Base cycle stats. on start” is enabled, the start of activity, rather than the end of activity, is used for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity falls, and where it falls within the cycle.
The “Burst cycle offset” is used to effectively time-shift the cycles for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity falls, much like the cycle offset parameters for the “W.F. activity start & stop time analysis” graph. The “Burst duration type” parameter determines the way in which the burst duration is calculated for each burst of activity. The initial value, 0, means the duration is the time from the start of the burst to the end of it. A 1 means the time from the start of the burst to the start of the next burst. A 2 means the time from the end of the burst to the start of the next, and a 3 means the time from the end of the burst to the end of the next. If the “Relative burst durations” option is set, burst durations are shown as a percentage of the corresponding cycle durations.
If the “Burst positions in cycle” option is enabled, the usual X-axis is overridden by the cycle positions of the activity bursts. In other words, the graph becomes one of burst duration versus position of burst in cycle. Just like any of the other graphs of “something” vs cycle, this graph can be normalized, and the “Cycles on graph” parameter will then take effect.
If the “Flip durations” option is enabled, the usual X and Y axes are transposed, giving you a graph of cycle duration versus burst duration. If the “Flip durations” option and the “Burst positions in cycle” option are both enabled, the graph becomes one of cycle duration versus position of burst in cycle.
When the “Second W.F. bursts” option is enabled, the end of burst durations or train durations are taken from the cycle activity recorded in the waveform parameters of a second waveform, selected by the “Second ampl. W.F. #“. Either the start or end of the burst is used, depending on the “Burst duration type” selected. If the “Second W.F. trains” option is also selected, it overrides this one, so the trains are used instead of the cycle activity for the second waveform.
| Page: 21 |
Analysis: Raw W.F. amplitude vs step cycle
The waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #” is displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding segment of the former waveform is displayed, overlaid by segments corresponding to all other cycles in the range to be analysed. If the cycle related parameters for the displayed waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. The parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” can restrict the voltage levels allowed in the analysis to a smaller range.
| Page: 22 |
Analysis: Averaged W.F. amplitude vs step cycle
The waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #” is averaged and displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the cycles are evenly divided into a number of bins, and for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding segment of the former waveform is split up and the parts are added into their respective bins. An average curve is then calculated and displayed with one point for each bin.
If the cycle related parameters for the displayed waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. The parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” can restrict the voltage levels allowed in the analysis to a smaller range.
The “Amplitude” reported at the top of this graph is simply the difference between the minimum and the maximum averages calculated, i.e. a peak-to-peak amplitude. On a DC-coupled intracellular recording of a motoneuron, this peak-to-peak amplitude is the locomotor drive potential or L.D.P.
| Page: 23 |
Analysis: Raw trace amplitude vs frame number
Displacements measured for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, are displayed with respect to their frame numbers. The “Frame list” parameter selects the frames to be measured, and the order in which they are presented. The Frame number for each point on the X-axis corresponds to the frames’ position in the sequence in which frames are presented. These numbers do not represent actual frame numbers unless frames are displayed in sequence, beginning with frame 1, and no frames are excluded.
The trace amplitude measurements are taken the same way they are for the “Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle” graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Page: 25 |
Analysis: Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle
Displacements measured for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding frames are examined. For each of these frames, two points are measured on the selected trace, and the difference is shown on the graph, at the position in the cycle where the frame was triggered.
The position of these two points in the frame’s window are selected by the parameters “Trace amplitude point” and “Trace amplitude ref“. The first select the actual point to be sampled, and the second selects the reference measurement location. These two parameters have corresponding “window” parameters, which can be used to select two ranges of points in the frame’s window: the program will search for the maximum point, or the minimum point, in each of the two ranges, based on the setting of the “Find max trace amplitude” parameter. If either of the two “window” parameters is set to 0, only one point is used for the corresponding measurement. A line above the graph will indicate which point or range of points was used for each of the two measurements. Regardless of whether the sample level and the reference level are obtained each from a single point, or the minimum or maximum in a range of points, the reference level is subtracted from the sample level to obtain the amplitude reading for the frame.
If the “Trace amplitude ref” option is set to a negative value (e.g. -1p), then the reference level is not measured, and the sample level is taken as an absolute reading.
If the “Average trace ampl. ref.” option is enabled, rather than searching for the maximum or minimum point in the “Trace ampl. ref window” for each frame, the program will instead take the average of the points in this range as the reference level.
If the “Trace ampl. integration” option is enabled, rather than searching for the maximum or minimum point in the “Trace ampl. point window” for each frame, the program will instead integrate (sum up) the points in this range. (What are actually summed up are displacements relative to the reference level measured.)
The measurements for all cycles in the range to be analysed are overlaid on the graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Page: 26 |
Analysis: Averaged trace amplitude vs step cycle
Displacements measured for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding frames are examined. The cycles are divided evenly into a number of bins, and for each of the examined frames, two points are measured on the selected trace, and the difference is added into the appropriate bin for the position in the cycle where the frame was triggered. An average curve is then calculated and displayed with one point for each bin.
The position of these two points in the frame’s window are selected by the parameters “Trace amplitude point” and “Trace amplitude ref“. The first select the actual point to be sampled, and the second selects the reference measurement location. These two parameters have corresponding “window” parameters, which can be used to select two ranges of points in the frame’s window: the program will search for the maximum point, or the minimum point, in each of the two ranges, based on the setting of the “Find max trace amplitude” parameter. If either of the two “window” parameters is set to 0, only one point is used for the corresponding measurement. A line above the graph will indicate which point or range of points was used for each of the two measurements. Regardless of whether the sample level and the reference level are obtained each from a single point, or the minimum or maximum in a range of points, the reference level is subtracted from the sample level to obtain the amplitude reading for the frame.
If the “Trace amplitude ref” option is set to a negative value (e.g. -1p), then the reference level is not measured, and the sample level is taken as an absolute reading.
If the “Average trace ampl. ref.” option is enabled, rather than searching for the maximum or minimum point in the “Trace ampl. ref window” for each frame, the program will instead take the average of the points in this range as the reference level.
If the “Trace ampl. integration” option is enabled, rather than searching for the maximum or minimum point in the “Trace ampl. point window” for each frame, the program will instead integrate (sum up) the points in this range. (What are actually summed up are displacements relative to the reference level measured.)
The measurements for all cycles in the range to be analysed are overlaid on the graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Page: 27 |
Analysis: Raw trace amplitude vs W.F. level
Displacements measured for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, are displayed with respect to corresponding level measurements on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. The trace amplitude measurements are taken the same way they are for the “Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle” graph. The waveform amplitude measurements are taken the same way they are for the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” analysis. The “Fixed W.F. level bins” option has a slightly different effect here, since the range of levels is not divided into bins, but it may affect (increase) the range of levels displayed to the full range defined by the “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” parameters.
Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. You can also exclude frames that occur during the inactive phase of cycles, or the active phase, in the same way as for the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” analysis, using the “Active cycle phase only” option.
| Page: 28 |
Analysis: Averaged trace amplitude vs W.F. level
Displacements measured for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, are displayed with respect to corresponding level measurements on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. The trace amplitude measurements are taken the same way they are for the “Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle” graph. The waveform amplitude measurements are taken the same way they are for the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” analysis. The range of voltage levels measured from the selected waveform is divided evenly into a number of bins, and all displacements are added into these bins to obtain an average curve which is displayed.
Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. You can also exclude frames that occur during the inactive phase of cycles, or the active phase, in the same way as for the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” analysis, using the “Active cycle phase only” option.
The “Fixed W.F. level bins” option has the same effect here as it does for the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” analysis, causing the “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” to define a fixed range which is divided into bins, even if it exceeds the range of levels in the waveform.
| Page: 30 |
Analysis: W.F. spike train duration vs cycle duration
The duration of spike trains on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” is displayed with respect to the duration of cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. A point is plotted for each spike train on the former waveform, which falls into one of the cycles of the latter waveform in the selected range to be analysed. If the option “Base spike stats. on start” is enabled, the start of the train, rather than the end of the train, is used for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular spike train falls, and where it falls within the cycle.
The “Burst cycle offset“, “Burst duration type“, “Relative burst durations“, “Flip durations“, “Burst positions in cycle“, “Second W.F. bursts” and “Second W.F. trains” parameters have the same effect as in the “W.F. activity burst duration vs cycle duration” graph.
| Page: 31 |
Analysis: Action potential position vs step cycle
Action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, a row of points is drawn, showing where in the cycle each action potential occurred. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles.
For this graph, and for the sorted one as well, when you disable normalization and “Auto scale“, you can set the lower bound and upper bound of the X axis to go beyond the start and end of each cycle and the program will display the points occurring in those areas (in the previous or next cycle).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGAVP | Analysis method | Action potential position vs step cycle |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SGN | Normalization | Y |
| <Esc>SCP | Percent of cycle active | 0 |
| <Esc>SGC | Cycles on graph | 2 |
| <Esc>SSWD | Display cycle activity | N |
| <Esc>SSWA | Base spike stats. on start | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 32 |
Analysis: Action potential position sorted by cycle length
Action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, a row of points is drawn, showing where in the cycle each action potential occurred. The cycles are sorted in ascending order of cycle length. You will usually want to disable normalization to view this graph. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles.
For this graph, and for the non-sorted one as well, when you disable normalization and “Auto scale“, you can set the lower bound and upper bound of the X axis to go beyond the start and end of each cycle and the program will display the points occurring in those areas (in the previous or next cycle).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGAVS | Analysis method | Action potential position sorted by cycle length |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SGN | Normalization | Y |
| <Esc>SCP | Percent of cycle active | 0 |
| <Esc>SGC | Cycles on graph | 2 |
| <Esc>SSWD | Display cycle activity | N |
| <Esc>SSWA | Base spike stats. on start | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 33 |
Analysis: Action potential vs step cycle histogram
The cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #” are divided into a number of bins, and each bin counts the number of action potentials, on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, occurring in its part of the cycle. The resulting graph shows the average number of action potentials in each part of the cycle. If the spike trains for the latter waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles.
| Page: 34 |
Analysis: Raw inter-spike interval vs step cycle
The intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each spike on the former waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated, and plotted on the graph at the position in the current cycle where this spike occurred. No interval is plotted for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, intervals are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No interval is plotted for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no interval is plotted for the last spike in each train.
For this graph, and for the similar raw instantaneous frequency graph, when you disable normalization and “Auto scale“, you can set the lower bound and upper bound of the X axis to go beyond the start and end of each cycle and the program will display the points occurring in those areas (in the previous or next cycle). This feature will not work for the averaged graphs.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGAVIR | Analysis method | Raw inter-spike interval vs step cycle |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SMIA | Take interval after spike | N |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SGN | Normalization | Y |
| <Esc>SCP | Percent of cycle active | 0 |
| <Esc>SGC | Cycles on graph | 2 |
| <Esc>SGR | Regression degree | 0 |
| <Esc>SSWA | Base spike stats. on start | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 35 |
Analysis: Averaged inter-spike interval vs step cycle
The intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are averaged and displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the cycles are divided evenly into a number of bins, and for each spike on the former waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated, and added into the appropriate bin for the position in the current cycle where this spike occurred. An average curve is then calculated and displayed with one point for each bin.
No interval is calculated for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, intervals are calculated only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is calculated for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No interval is calculated for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no interval is calculated for the last spike in each train.
| Page: 36 |
Analysis: Raw instantaneous spike frequency vs step cycle
The instantaneous frequency of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each spike on the former waveform, the instantaneous frequency (the inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated, and plotted on the graph at the position in the current cycle where this spike occurred. No frequency is plotted for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, frequencies are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No frequency is plotted for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no frequency is plotted for the last spike in each train.
For this graph, and for the similar raw inter-spike interval graph, when you disable normalization and “Auto scale“, you can set the lower bound and upper bound of the X axis to go beyond the start and end of each cycle and the program will display the points occurring in those areas (in the previous or next cycle). This feature will not work for the averaged graphs.
| Page: 37 |
Analysis: Averaged instantaneous spike frequency vs step cycle
The instantaneous frequency of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are averaged and displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the cycles are divided evenly into a number of bins, and for each spike on the former waveform, the instantaneous frequency (the inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated, and added into the appropriate bin for the position in the current cycle where this spike occurred. An average curve is then calculated and displayed with one point for each bin. No frequency is calculated for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, frequencies are calculated only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is calculated for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No frequency is calculated for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no frequency is calculated for the last spike in each train.
| Page: 38 |
Analysis: Raw inter-spike interval vs spike occ.
The intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed by spike occurrence within cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the X-axis is divided into a number of “bins”, corresponding to individual spike occurrences in each cycle, then for each spike on the former waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated, and plotted on the graph at the position (or spike number) in the current cycle where this spike occurred. For each cycle, the intervals for all spikes falling into one of these “bins” are displayed, overlaid by data from all other cycles in the range to be analysed. You can also skip spikes, or sample spike occurrences from the end of the cycle, just like for the “W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle” analysis, using the “Spikes to skip” parameter.
No interval is plotted for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, intervals are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No interval is plotted for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no interval is plotted for the last spike in each train.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGASIR | Analysis method | Raw inter-spike interval vs spike occ. |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SSWS | Spikes to skip | 0 |
| <Esc>SSWR | Reverse spike occurrences | N |
| <Esc>SMIA | Take interval after spike | N |
| <Esc>SGB | # bins- graph | 100 |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SGR | Regression degree | 0 |
| <Esc>SSWA | Base spike stats. on start | N |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 39 |
Analysis: Averaged inter-spike interval vs spike occ.
The average intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed by spike occurrence within cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the X-axis is divided into a number of bins, corresponding to individual spike occurrences in each cycle, then for each spike on the former waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated, and added to the bin for the position (or spike number) in the current cycle where this spike occurred. For each cycle, the intervals for all spikes falling into one of these bins are calculated and added, and a single average curve is displayed. You can also skip spikes, or sample spike occurrences from the end of the cycle, just like for the “W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle” analysis, using the “Spikes to skip” parameter.
No interval is calculated for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, intervals are calculated only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is calculated for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No interval is calculated for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no interval is calculated for the last spike in each train.
| Page: 40 |
Analysis: Raw instantaneous spike frequency vs spike occ.
The instantaneous frequency of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed by spike occurrence within cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the X-axis is divided into a number of “bins”, corresponding to individual spike occurrences in each cycle, then for each spike on the former waveform, the instantaneous frequency (inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated, and plotted on the graph at the position (or spike number) in the current cycle where this spike occurred. For each cycle, the frequencies for all spikes falling into one of these “bins” are displayed, overlaid by data from all other cycles in the range to be analysed. You can also skip spikes, or sample spike occurrences from the end of the cycle, just like for the “W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle” analysis, using the “Spikes to skip” parameter.
No frequency is plotted for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, frequencies are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No frequency is plotted for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no frequency is plotted for the last spike in each train.
| Page: 41 |
Analysis: Averaged instantaneous spike frequency vs spike occ.
The average instantaneous frequency of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed by spike occurrence within cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the X-axis is divided into a number of bins, corresponding to individual spike occurrences in each cycle, then for each spike on the former waveform, the instantaneous frequency (inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated, and added to the bin for the position (or spike number) in the current cycle where this spike occurred. For each cycle, the frequencies for all spikes falling into one of these bins are calculated and added, and a single average curve is displayed. You can also skip spikes, or sample spike occurrences from the end of the cycle, just like for the “W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle” analysis, using the “Spikes to skip” parameter.
No frequency is calculated for the first spike of the first cycle, if no previous spike was found, in the selected range to be analysed, to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles. Also, in this case, frequencies are calculated only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is calculated for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No frequency is calculated for the last spike of the last cycle, if no following spike is found in the selected range. If spike trains have been set, no frequency is calculated for the last spike in each train.
| Page: 42 |
Analysis: Raw firing level vs step cycle
The firing levels at each action potential are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each spike on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, the level is measured at that same location on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“, and displayed on the graph at the position in the current cycle where this spike occurred. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the graph.
This graph is most useful when dealing with a differentiated waveform. Spikes on the differentiated waveform, indicating high rates of change in level on the original waveform, can be used to trigger firing level measurements on the original waveform.
If the spike trains for the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles.
| Page: 43 |
Analysis: Averaged firing level vs step cycle
The average firing levels at each action potential are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the cycles are evenly divided into a number of bins, then for each spike on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, the level is measured at that same location on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“, and added to the bin corresponding to the position in the current cycle where this spike occurred. All data are added into the bins to obtain an average curve which is displayed. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the average.
This graph is most useful when dealing with a differentiated waveform. Spikes on the differentiated waveform, indicating high rates of change in level on the original waveform, can be used to trigger firing level measurements on the original waveform.
If the spike trains for the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” have been properly set, statistics will be given for activity on this waveform, relative to the above cycles.
| Page: 44 |
Analysis: Raw firing level vs spike occ.
The firing levels at each action potential occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed by spike occurrence within cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the X-axis is divided into a number of “bins”, corresponding to individual spike occurrences in each cycle, then for each spike on the former waveform, the level is measured at that same location on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“, and plotted on the graph at the position (or spike number) in the current cycle where this spike occurred. For each cycle, the firing levels for all spikes falling into one of these “bins” are displayed, overlaid by data from all other cycles in the range to be analysed. You can also skip spikes, or sample spike occurrences from the end of the cycle, just like for the “W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle” analysis, using the “Spikes to skip” parameter.
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the graph.
| Page: 45 |
Analysis: Averaged firing level vs spike occ.
The average firing levels at each action potential occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed by spike occurrence within cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the X-axis is divided into a number of bins, corresponding to individual spike occurrences in each cycle, then for each spike on the former waveform, the level is measured at that same location on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“, and added to the bin at the position (or spike number) in the current cycle where this spike occurred. For each cycle, the firing levels for each spike occurrence are added into the appropriate bin, and a single average curve is displayed. You can also skip spikes, or sample spike occurrences from the end of the cycle, just like for the “W.F. averaging – spike occurrence in cycle” analysis, using the “Spikes to skip” parameter.
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the graph.
| Page: 46 |
Analysis: Firing level vs firing frequency
The firing levels at each action potential, calculated as for the “Raw firing level vs step cycle” graph, are displayed with respect to the instantaneous frequency of each action potential. No point is displayed for the first spike in the range to be analysed, since no previous spike exists to permit a frequency calculation. If the spike trains for the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” have been properly set, frequencies are calculated and points are displayed only for spikes in the same spike train, and no point is displayed for the first spike in each train.
| Page: 51 |
Analysis: W.F. spike auto-correlation histogram
Each action potential on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, in the range to be analysed, triggers a “sweep” from this waveform. The window and delay for these sweeps are set as they are for spike triggered averages. The sweep window is divided into a number of bins, which count the number of action potentials found in each part of every sweep analysed. The resulting graph shows the average number of action potentials in each part of the sweep window.
This graph is similar to the cross-correlation graph, except that the waveform is analysed with respect to itself. Only the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” is used; the “Spike corr. W.F. #” is ignored.
You can limit the number of spikes counted in each sweep, to a certain number allowed before the sweep was triggered (if using a negative delay), and a certain number allowed after the sweep was triggered. This is done by setting the parameters “Corr. spikes before trigger” and “Corr. spikes after trigger“.
The program performs a test of statistical significance on the peak of the graph, and indicates above the graph if the peak is significant. A significant peak is one where the peak count exceeds the mean baseline count by more than 3.29 times the root of this mean. The results of a “K test” are also shown above the graph. These tests are described in “Short term synchronization of intercostal motoneurone activity” by T.A. Sears and D. Stagg, J. Physiol. (1976), 263, pp. 357-381.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGCA | Analysis method | W.F. spike auto-correlation histogram |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SAWD | W.F. avg delay | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SAWW | W.F. avg window | ? |
| <Esc>SSCB | Corr. spikes before trigger | 2147483647 |
| <Esc>SSCA | Corr. spikes after trigger | 2147483647 |
| <Esc>SGB | # bins- graph | 100 |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGH | Histogram type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYHL | Min Y- hist | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYHU | Max Y- hist | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTH | Histogram display | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 52 |
Analysis: W.F. spike cross-correlation histogram
Each action potential on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, in the range to be analysed, triggers a “sweep” from the waveform selected by the “Spike corr. W.F. #“. The window and delay for these sweeps are set as they are for spike triggered averages. The sweep window is divided into a number of bins, which count the number of action potentials found in each part of every sweep analysed. The resulting graph shows the average number of action potentials in each part of the sweep window.
You can limit the number of spikes counted in each sweep, to a certain number allowed before the sweep was triggered (if using a negative delay), and a certain number allowed after the sweep was triggered. This is done by setting the parameters “Corr. spikes before trigger” and “Corr. spikes after trigger“.
The program performs a test of statistical significance on the peak of the graph, and indicates above the graph if the peak is significant. A significant peak is one where the peak count exceeds the mean baseline count by more than 3.29 times the root of this mean. The results of a “K test” are also shown above the graph. These tests are described in “Short term synchronization of intercostal motoneurone activity” by T.A. Sears and D. Stagg, J. Physiol. (1976), 263, pp. 357-381.
| Page: 61 |
Analysis: Raw trace spike count vs step cycle
The number of spikes found for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Spike trace #“, are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding frames are examined. For each of these frames, the selected trace is searched for spikes, and the number of spikes found is shown on the graph, at the position in the cycle where the frame was triggered.
The spike measurement is controlled by the parameters “Trace spike threshold“, “Trace spike hysteresis“, and “Trace spike discr.“. The “Trace spike delay” is simply an offset from the start of the frame’s window where the search for spikes is to begin; if set, spikes before this delay are ignored. The data for all cycles in the range to be analysed are overlaid on the graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Page: 62 |
Analysis: Averaged trace spike count vs step cycle
The average number of spikes found for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Spike trace #“, are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, the cycles are divided into a number of bins, and for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding frames are examined. For each of these frames, the selected trace is searched for spikes, and the number of spikes found is added to the bin at the position in the cycle where the frame was triggered. All data are added into the bins in this way to obtain an average curve which is displayed.
The spike measurement is controlled by the parameters “Trace spike threshold“, “Trace spike hysteresis“, and “Trace spike discr.“. The “Trace spike delay” is simply an offset from the start of the frame’s window where the search for spikes is to begin; if set, spikes before this delay are ignored. The data for all cycles in the range to be analysed are overlaid on the graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Page: 63 |
Analysis: Raw trace spike latencies vs step cycle
The latencies of spikes found for each frame, on the trace selected by the “Spike trace #“, are displayed with respect to cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. That is, for each cycle on the latter waveform, the corresponding frames are examined. For each of these frames, the selected trace is searched for spikes, and the latencies of all spikes found are shown on the graph, at the position in the cycle where the frame was triggered. The spike measurement is controlled by the same parameters as for the trace spike count graphs. Latencies are measured from the point in the window where the search for spikes begins. The data for all cycles in the range to be analysed are overlaid on the graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
| Page: 71 |
Analysis: Raw waveform display
All waveforms in the “Raw W.F. # list” are displayed for the range selected by the parameters “Start of run” and “End of run“. The waveforms are shown in the order specified in the list, and repetitions are allowed. If the “Display crossings” option is enabled, markers on the display will show where the cycles start, provided that the “Cycle W.F. #” parameter has been set, and the cycle related waveform parameters for that waveform have also been properly set. Similarly, if the “Display cycle lengths” option is enabled, the cycle lengths are indicated at the bottom of the display. If the “Display both crossings” option is enabled, in addition to the “Display crossings” option, then a second set of slightly smaller markers will also show the end of activity in each cycle.
If the “Calculate overlap” option is enabled, the program calculates the total amount of time in which the activity on each waveform overlaps with activity on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. This amount is shown as a percentage of the total “on” time of these cycles, on the line above each waveform in the display. The activity for each waveform is measured from the cycle activity bursts, if these have been set for this waveform, or the spike activity trains otherwise. If neither is set, the line will remain blank.
There is no corresponding “Raw trace display,” since this can be accomplished with “Trace averaging by frame list.”
It is possible to get raw waveforms and a raw trace displayed together, by enabling the “Mark frame positions on W.F.” option. The top quarter of the display will be used to display sweeps from the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #“. The sweeps are displayed vertically, and the first point of each sweep is lined up with the time (on the waveforms below) at which the frame containing the sweep was triggered. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. If the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #” doesn’t exist, the frame positions are indicated, but no sweeps are shown.
| Page: 75 |
Analysis: Raw trace amplitude vs trace amplitude
An X-Y graph of displacements measured on one trace, for each frame, versus the displacements on another trace for these frames is displayed. The X-axis trace is selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, and the Y-axis trace is selected by the “Second ampl. trace #“.
The trace amplitude measurements for the X-axis are taken the same way they are for the “Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle” graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
The trace amplitude measurements for the Y-axis are taken in a very similar way. The position of the two points in the frame’s window are selected by the parameters “Second trace ampl. point” and “Second trace ampl. ref“. These two parameters have corresponding “window” parameters, which can be used to select two ranges of points in the frame’s window; the action taken in these ranges is determined by the parameters “Find second max trace ampl.“, “Average second trace ampl. ref.” and “Second trace ampl. integration“.
| Page: 76 |
Analysis: Averaged trace amplitude vs trace amplitude
An averaged graph of displacements measured on one trace, for each frame, versus the displacements on another trace for these frames is displayed. The X-axis trace is selected by the “Amplitude trace #“, and the Y-axis trace is selected by the “Second ampl. trace #“. The range of voltage displacements for the X-axis is divided evenly into a number of bins, and all Y-axis displacements are added into these bins to obtain an average curve which is displayed.
The trace amplitude measurements for the X-axis are taken the same way they are for the “Raw trace amplitude vs step cycle” graph. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded.
The trace amplitude measurements for the Y-axis are taken in a very similar way. The position of the two points in the frame’s window are selected by the parameters “Second trace ampl. point” and “Second trace ampl. ref“. These two parameters have corresponding “window” parameters, which can be used to select two ranges of points in the frame’s window; the action taken in these ranges is determined by the parameters “Find second max trace ampl.“, “Average second trace ampl. ref.” and “Second trace ampl. integration“.
| Page: 77 |
Analysis: Raw W.F. level vs W.F. level
An X-Y graph of levels on one waveform versus the corresponding levels on another waveform is displayed. The X-axis waveform is selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“, and the Y-axis waveform is selected by the “Second ampl. W.F. #“. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where each Y-axis waveform sample occurs, used to obtain the corresponding level reading on the X-axis waveform. The parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” can restrict the voltage levels allowed on the X-axis to a smaller range. Similarly, the parameters “Second min W.F. ampl.” and “Second max W.F. ampl.” restrict the Y-axis. Only points whose X and Y axis level readings stay within their respective bounds will be included in the graph.
| Page: 78 |
Analysis: Averaged W.F. level vs W.F. level
An averaged graph of levels on one waveform versus the corresponding levels on another waveform is displayed. The X-axis waveform is selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“, and the Y-axis waveform is selected by the “Second ampl. W.F. #“. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where each Y-axis waveform sample occurs, used to obtain the corresponding level reading on the X-axis waveform. The parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” can restrict the voltage levels allowed on the X-axis to a smaller range. Similarly, the parameters “Second min W.F. ampl.” and “Second max W.F. ampl.” restrict the Y-axis. Only points whose X and Y axis level readings stay within their respective bounds will be included in the graph.
Unlike the raw W.F. level X-Y graph, the range of voltage levels for the X-axis is divided into a number of bins, and all Y-axis levels are added into these bins to obtain an average curve which is displayed. The “Fixed W.F. level bins” option has the same effect here as it does for the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” analysis, causing the “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” to define a fixed range which is divided into bins, even if it exceeds the range of levels in the waveform.
| Page: 79 |
Analysis: W.F. L.D.P. level vs cycle duration
The “locomotor drive potential” amplitude on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #” is plotted with respect to the duration of cycles on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. A point is plotted for each complete cycle. The L.D.P. for each cycle is calculated as the difference between the minimum and maximum levels measured on the former waveform. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the highest or lowest point in the cycle, used to obtain an average level reading for the maximum or minimum part of the cycle. The parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” can restrict the voltage levels allowed in the analysis to a smaller range.
If the “Preview averaged data” option is enabled, the calculated minimum and maximum levels are displayed as markers on the waveform. You can use the cursor to move the markers to the levels you desire, to correct the L.D.P. calculation. When you exit the preview display, the complete graph is shown. If this option is set, and you are repeating the “Go” operation when the graph does not need to be recalculated, the program will ask you if you want to recalculate it anyway, and if not, whether you want to review the calculated levels.
The top title lines of the graph will show a few calculated statistics: the mean L.D.P., trough & peak (min. & max. amplitude). If the alternate unit specifier for the displayed waveform is mmHg, it is assumed that the signal is blood pressure, and in this case the mean arterial pressure is also shown, calculated as 1/3 of the peak plus 2/3 of the trough. If the “Display std dev” option is enabled, another top title line will show the standard deviation calculations for these means.
If the “Show time on X-axis” option is enabled, the usual X-axis is overridden by the cycle start times. In other words, the graph becomes one of L.D.P. amplitude versus time of cycle occurrence in the run.
If the “Flip L.D.P. and duration” option is enabled, the usual X and Y axes are transposed, giving you a graph of cycle duration versus L.D.P. amplitude. If the “Flip L.D.P. and duration” option and the “Show time on X-axis” option are both enabled, the graph becomes one of cycle duration versus time of cycle occurrence.
| Page: 83 |
Analysis: Action potential vs W.F. level histogram
The range of voltage levels measured from the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #” is divided evenly into a number of bins. Each bin counts the number of action potentials, on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, occurring when the level on the first waveform is in the range of this bin. The resulting graph shows the average number of action potentials at each waveform level sub-range.
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the histogram.
| Page: 84 |
Analysis: Raw inter-spike interval vs W.F. level
The intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to the corresponding levels on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. That is, for each spike on the former waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated, and plotted on the graph at the position representing the level on the latter waveform. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this latter waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the graph.
No interval is plotted for the first spike in the selected range to be analysed, since a previous spike is needed to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, intervals are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No interval is plotted for the last spike in the range to be analysed, nor for the last spike in each train, when spike trains are set.
| Page: 85 |
Analysis: Averaged inter-spike interval vs W.F. level
The average intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to the corresponding levels on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. That is, the range of voltage levels on the X-axis is divided evenly into a number of bins, and for each spike on the former waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated, and added to the bin representing the level on the latter waveform. All data are added into the bins to obtain an average curve which is displayed.
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this latter waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the average.
No interval is plotted for the first spike in the selected range to be analysed, since a previous spike is needed to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, intervals are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No interval is plotted for the last spike in the range to be analysed, nor for the last spike in each train, when spike trains are set.
| Page: 86 |
Analysis: Raw instantaneous spike frequency vs W.F. level
The instantaneous frequencies of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to the corresponding levels on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. That is, for each spike on the former waveform, the instantaneous frequency (inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated, and plotted on the graph at the position representing the level on the latter waveform. The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this latter waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the graph.
No frequency is plotted for the first spike in the selected range to be analysed, since a previous spike is needed to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, frequencies are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No frequency is plotted for the last spike in the range to be analysed, nor for the last spike in each train, when spike trains are set.
| Page: 87 |
Analysis: Averaged instantaneous spike frequency vs W.F. level
The average instantaneous frequencies of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are displayed with respect to the corresponding levels on the waveform selected by the “Amplitude W.F. #“. That is, the range of voltage levels on the X-axis is divided evenly into a number of bins, and for each spike on the former waveform, the instantaneous frequency (inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated, and added to the bin representing the level on the latter waveform. All data are added into the bins to obtain an average curve which is displayed.
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the point where the action potential occurred, used to obtain a level reading on this latter waveform. The range of voltage levels can be restricted to a smaller range, by setting the parameters “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude“. Only action potentials whose associated waveform level readings stay within these bounds will be included in the average.
No frequency is plotted for the first spike in the selected range to be analysed, since a previous spike is needed to permit an interval calculation. If the spike trains for the former waveform have been properly set, frequencies are calculated and plotted only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is plotted for the first spike in each train.
If the “Take interval after spike” option is enabled, the interval to the following spike, rather than the previous one, is calculated. No frequency is plotted for the last spike in the range to be analysed, nor for the last spike in each train, when spike trains are set.
| Page: 88 |
Analysis: Averaged inter-spike interval vs Train number
The intervals between action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are averaged for each spike train on that waveform, and the averages are displayed for each train. That is, for each spike on this waveform, the interval from the previous spike is calculated. For each train, the mean interval is then plotted on the graph at the position representing the train number.
The spike trains for this waveform must be properly set. Intervals are calculated and averaged only for spikes in the same spike train, and no interval is measured for the first spike in each train.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGABI | Analysis method | Averaged inter-spike interval vs Train number |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SGR | Regression degree | 0 |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGH | Histogram type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGS | Std. deviation type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYHL | Min Y- hist | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYHU | Max Y- hist | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTA | Show areas under curves | N |
| <Esc>SDTH | Histogram display | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 89 |
Analysis: Averaged instantaneous spike frequency vs Train number
The instantaneous frequencies of action potentials occurring on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #” are averaged for each spike train on that waveform, and the averages are displayed for each train. That is, for each spike on this waveform, the instantaneous frequency (inverse of the interval from the previous spike) is calculated. For each train, the mean frequency is then plotted on the graph at the position representing the train number.
The spike trains for this waveform must be properly set. Intervals are calculated and averaged only for spikes in the same spike train, and no frequency is measured for the first spike in each train.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>AGABF | Analysis method | Averaged instantaneous spike frequency vs Train number |
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| <Esc>SGR | Regression degree | 0 |
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGH | Histogram type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGS | Std. deviation type | Adaptive |
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYHL | Min Y- hist | 0 |
| <Esc>SDSYHU | Max Y- hist | 0 |
| <Esc>SDTA | Show areas under curves | N |
| <Esc>SDTH | Histogram display | N |
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| <Esc>SDUF | Freq. units | Hz |
| Page: 201 |
Parameter: Analysis method
Full name: Analysis method code
Initial value: not set
Affects: choice of analysis
| Page: 202 |
Parameter: Run file
Full name: Run file name
Parameter type: file name, Size: up to 127 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: all analyses
This parameter is the name of the run of data, captured by one of the capture programs, which is to be analysed. It is not usually set directly.
Normally, you use the “Load” operation to pick the parameter file to load, and the associated run file is selected. For new runs, you “Load” the run, and an associated parameter file will be created when you do the “Keep” operation.
If you want to apply an existing set of parameters to a different run file, then you can change this parameter. You should then “Keep” the parameters in a different parameter file, to avoid confusion later on.
For example, say you just analysed run001, and want to apply the same parameters (run001.prm) to run002.frm. You would Load run001, then set the “Run file” parameter to run002. Now, you should Keep your parameters as run002.prm, not as run001.prm. (If you kept the parameters as run001.prm, then the “Run file” parameter in that file would refer to run002.frm, so the next time you loaded run001.prm, you would actually be analysing run002, not run001.)
The program has some safeguards to help avoid such mistakes. If the run file you select has an associated parameter file, it will ask you if it should load it. If no such file exists, or you choose not to load it (e.g. if you want to apply the current parameters to the new run), then it will ask you if you want to change the current parameter file name. If you do, this will prevent you from forgetting to do so later when you Keep the parameters.
If you don’t change the name, it will check to see if the parameter file and run file names are mismatched, and will warn you if a run file with the same name as the current parameter file exists. A similar check is done on Load and Keep operations.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SF | Run file | ? |
| Page: 203 |
Parameter: Range W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for analysis range selection
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: visual setting of analysis range
When visually setting the range of data to be analysed (“Start of run” and “End of run“), this parameter selects the waveform displayed on the screen at that time.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SRW | Range W.F. # | 0 |
| Page: 204 |
Parameter: Start of run
Full name: Start point of analysis range
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: all analyses
This parameter determines the point in the run where data will begin to be analysed. Any data before this start time will be ignored. Initially, it is set to 0, the beginning of the file.
The Start of run and End of run can be set visually, using the graphics terminal’s pointing device to indicate the times on a waveform where to start and end.
When the range is set to a portion of the run, the “Next” and “Prev.” menu items will shift the range to the next or previous portion of the same length.
| Page: 204 |
Parameter: Start of run
Full name: Start point of analysis range
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: all analyses
This parameter determines the point in the run where data will begin to be analysed. Any data before this start time will be ignored. Initially, it is set to 0, the beginning of the file.
The Start of run and End of run can be set visually, using the graphics terminal’s pointing device to indicate the times on a waveform where to start and end.
When the range is set to a portion of the run, the “Next” and “Prev.” menu items will shift the range to the next or previous portion of the same length.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SRS | Start of run | 0 msec |
| Page: 205 |
Parameter: End of run
Full name: End point of analysis range
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 2 gp
Affects: all analyses
This parameter determines the point in the run where data will no longer be analysed. Any data after this end time will be ignored. If set to a time greater than the length of the run file being analysed, the analysis will stop at the end of the run file. Initially, it is set to 2 giga-periods (billions of sampling periods, at the run’s sampling frequency). This value is large enough to cover any possible run length.
The Start of run and End of run can be set visually, using the graphics terminal’s pointing device to indicate the times on a waveform where to start and end. If you set the end to a point after the end of the displayed waveform, it will be set to the maximum allowable value.
When the range is set to a portion of the run, the “Next” and “Prev.” menu items will shift the range to the next or previous portion of the same length.
| Page: 205 |
Parameter: End of run
Full name: End point of analysis range
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 2 gp
Affects: all analyses
This parameter determines the point in the run where data will no longer be analysed. Any data after this end time will be ignored. If set to a time greater than the length of the run file being analysed, the analysis will stop at the end of the run file. Initially, it is set to 2 giga-periods (billions of sampling periods, at the run’s sampling frequency). This value is large enough to cover any possible run length.
The Start of run and End of run can be set visually, using the graphics terminal’s pointing device to indicate the times on a waveform where to start and end. If you set the end to a point after the end of the displayed waveform, it will be set to the maximum allowable value.
When the range is set to a portion of the run, the “Next” and “Prev.” menu items will shift the range to the next or previous portion of the same length.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SRE | End of run | 2.14748e_08 msec |
| Page: 206 |
Parameter: Tag list
Full name: List of tag #’s for frame selection
Parameter type: number list, Size: 4
Range: [ 0, 4095 ]
Initial value: All
Affects: all analyses that use triggered channels (frames)
This parameter is used in analyses that make use of triggered sweeps (Traces). It determines which frames will be included in the analysis. If any frame’s associated tag value is not in this list, the frame is rejected.
The list consists of tag numbers separated by a single comma, or by one or more spaces. A range can be given as two tag numbers separated by a hyphen or colon. For example:
0, 4 7:10
would select tags 0, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Repetitions are ignored.
For averaging based on tag value, bins are associated with tag values in the order specified in this list, which does not have to be in strictly increasing order. Avoid repetitions in the list, as only the first bin with a specific tag value is used.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>ST | Tag list | All |
| Page: 207 |
Parameter: Cycle W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for step cycle selection
Range: [ -1, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all analyses that use step cycles
In any analysis where data are broken down into cycles (“something” vs step cycle), this parameter determines which waveform’s cycle markings are used for this purpose.
Apart from setting this parameter, you will also have to mark up the cycles for the waveform you have selected. These cycle markings are a part of the waveform parameter file associated with a waveform.
If you set this parameter to -1, then it will treat the entire range to be analysed as a single cycle. You will likely want to disable the “Normalization” option when using this feature.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SCW | Cycle W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 208 |
Parameter: Cycle crossings
Full name: Threshold crossings for cycle selection
Parameter type: waveform parameters
Initial value: not set
Affects: all analyses that use step cycles
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | Cycle crossings | ? |
| Page: 209 |
Parameter: Base cycles on stop time
Full name: Base cycle selection on stop time
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all analyses that use step cycles
The cycle markings associated with the selected “Cycle W.F. #” consist of times for the start and the end of cycle activity (duty) on the waveform. Normally, each cycle is seen as the time from the start of activity, to the next start of activity. By setting this parameter to Y, you cause the time from the end of activity, to the time of the next end of activity, to be taken as a cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SCS | Base cycles on stop time | N |
| Page: 210 |
Parameter: Base cycles on spike trains
Full name: Base cycle selection on spike activity trains
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all analyses that use step cycles
The waveform parameter file for the selected “Cycle W.F. #” can contain markings for the starts and ends of cycle activity (duty), for the starts and ends of spike trains, or for both. Normally, cycles are based on the duty of the waveform. By setting this parameter to Y, you cause the spike train markers to be used instead.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SCT | Base cycles on spike trains | N |
| Page: 211 |
Parameter: Active cycle phase only
Full name: Measurements during active phase of cycle only
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: trace analyses using associated W.F. levels, trace avg by tag, W.F. spike vs W.F. level graphs
For the “Trace averaging based on W.F. level” or “… based on tag value”, and the Raw and Averaged “trace amplitude vs W.F. level”, step cycle information is usually ignored. The frames (and the associated waveform level readings) are included in the analysis regardless of cycle phase.
If you set this parameter to Y, you will also have to set the “Cycle W.F. #“, and mark up the cycles for that waveform. Then, only frames occurring in the active phases of cycles (between the start and end of activity markers) will be included. Frames occurring after the end marker, and before the next start marker, will be ignored. The entire portion of the frame selected by the “Phase selection delay” and “Phase selection window” parameters must fit in the active phase for the frame to be included.
For W.F. spike graphs, the phase selection window is not used. The “Action potential vs W.F. level histogram” will only count spikes occurring in the active phase, and graphs of raw or averaged inter-spike interval or instantaneous frequency vs W.F. level will only include inter-spike intervals which fit entirely in the active phase, when the “Active cycle phase only” option is enabled.
If you also set the “Base cycle selection on stop time” parameter, then the roles of the start and end markers are reversed, and the analysis will include only frames or spikes in the inactive phase.
For analyses that use normalised step cycles, this active phase option has no effect. Instead, you can set the “Percent of cycle active” parameter to 100, to limit the analysis to the active phase.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTA | Active cycle phase only | N |
| Page: 212 |
Parameter: Amplitude trace #
Full name: Trace # for amplitude measurement
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs, and raw waveform display
For graphs of trace amplitude, this parameter selects the trace where the measurements will be taken. The “Trace amplitude point” and “Trace amplitude ref” parameters then select the points in each frame where this trace will be measured.
In the case of “trace amplitude vs trace amplitude” graphs, this parameter selects the trace represented on the X-axis.
For the “Raw waveform display“, this parameter selects the trace which will be displayed if the “Mark frame positions on W.F.” option is enabled. The top quarter of the display will be used to display sweeps from this trace. The sweeps are displayed vertically, and the first point of each sweep is lined up with the time (on the waveforms below) at which the frame containing the sweep was triggered. If the trace selected by this parameter doesn’t exist, the frame positions are indicated, but no sweeps are shown.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTN | Amplitude trace # | 0 |
| Page: 213 |
Parameter: Trace ampl. as % of max
Full name: Show trace amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
For graphs of trace amplitude, this parameter selects how the axis will be labeled. Normally, it is labelled in mV, V, A/D units, or some such measure of amplitude. If you set this option to Y, the axis will be labelled as percentages of the maximum trace amplitude measured in the course of this analysis on this run of data, unless the maximum happens to be zero.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTP | Trace ampl. as % of max | N |
| Page: 214 |
Parameter: Trace amplitude point
Full name: Offset to trace amplitude sample point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
Trace amplitude measurements are taken on each frame as the difference between the level at this sample point, and the level at a reference point.
This parameter can be set by specifying the time offset from the start of the sweep. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate the time on the displayed sweep for the sample point (and the reference point).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTS | Trace amplitude point | ? |
| Page: 215 |
Parameter: Trace amplitude ref
Full name: Offset to trace amplitude reference point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -1 p, 2 gp ]
Initial value: -1 p
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
Trace amplitude measurements are taken on each frame as the difference between the level at a sample point, and the level at this reference point.
This parameter can be set by specifying the time offset from the start of the sweep. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate the time on the displayed sweep for the reference point (and the sample point).
If the “Trace amplitude ref” option is set to a negative value (e.g. -1p), then the reference level is not measured, and the sample level is taken as an absolute reading.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTR | Trace amplitude ref | -0.1 msec |
| Page: 216 |
Parameter: Trace ampl. point window
Full name: Search window for trace amplitude sample point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 p
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
Normally, the trace amplitude sample is taken from a single point in each frame. By setting this parameter to a larger value, you can cause the program to search an area of the length you specify, from the given “Trace amplitude point“, for a maximum or minimum level. This level will be used as the sample, from which the reference level is subtracted.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWS | Trace ampl. point window | 0.1 msec |
| Page: 217 |
Parameter: Trace ampl. ref window
Full name: Search window for trace amplitude reference point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 p
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
Normally, the trace amplitude reference is taken from a single point in each frame. By setting this parameter to a larger value, you can cause the program to search an area of the length you specify, from the given “Trace amplitude ref“, for a maximum or minimum level. This level will be used as the reference level which is subtracted from the sample level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWR | Trace ampl. ref window | 0.1 msec |
| Page: 218 |
Parameter: Find max trace amplitude
Full name: Find maximum point in window, instead of minimum
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
This parameter tells the program whether to search the “Trace ampl. point window” and/or the “Trace ampl. ref window” for a maximum level or a minimum level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWF | Find max trace amplitude | Y |
| Page: 219 |
Parameter: Trace ampl. integration
Full name: Integrate (sum up) points in sample window
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
When this parameter is set to N, as it is initially, the program searches the “Trace ampl. point window” (if one is specified) for a maximum or minimum level. This is repeated for every frame included in the graph.
If you set it to Y, then the program sums up the points in that range instead. For each frame, the reference level is determined first, in the usual way. Then the program takes every point in the “Trace ampl. point window” and subtracts the reference level. The sum of these differences is taken as the sample value for the frame.
Note that this parameter will also override the “Average trace ampl. sample” option.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWI | Trace ampl. integration | N |
| Page: 220 |
Parameter: Second ampl. trace #
Full name: Trace # for second amplitude measurement (for Y axis)
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
For graphs of trace amplitude vs trace amplitude, this parameter selects the trace where the measurements for the Y-axis data will be taken. The “Second trace ampl. point” and “Second trace ampl. ref” parameters then select the points in each frame where this trace will be measured.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTN | Second ampl. trace # | 0 |
| Page: 221 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. as % of max
Full name: Show Y axis trace amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
For graphs of trace amplitude vs trace amplitude, this parameter selects how the Y-axis will be labeled. Normally, it is labelled in mV, V, A/D units, or some such measure of amplitude. If you set this option to Y, the axis will be labelled as percentages of the maximum trace amplitude measured for the Y-axis in the course of this analysis on this run of data, unless the maximum happens to be zero.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTP | Second trace ampl. as % of max | N |
| Page: 222 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. point
Full name: Offset to second trace amplitude sample point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
Y-axis trace amplitude measurements are taken on each frame as the difference between the level at this sample point, and the level at a reference point for the Y-axis trace.
This parameter can be set by specifying the time offset from the start of the sweep. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate the time on the displayed sweep for the sample point (and the reference point).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTS | Second trace ampl. point | ? |
| Page: 223 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. ref
Full name: Offset to second trace amplitude reference point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -1 p, 2 gp ]
Initial value: -1 p
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
Y-axis trace amplitude measurements are taken on each frame as the difference between the level at a sample point for the Y-axis trace, and the level at this reference point.
This parameter can be set by specifying the time offset from the start of the sweep. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate the time on the displayed sweep for the reference point (and the sample point).
If the “Second trace ampl. ref” option is set to a negative value (e.g. -1p), then the reference level is not measured, and the sample level is taken as an absolute reading.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTR | Second trace ampl. ref | -0.1 msec |
| Page: 224 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. point window
Full name: Search window for second trace amplitude sample point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 p
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
Normally, the Y-axis trace amplitude sample is taken from a single point in each frame. By setting this parameter to a larger value, you can cause the program to search an area of the length you specify, from the given “Second trace ampl. point“, for a maximum or minimum level. This level will be used as the sample, from which the reference level measured for the Y-axis is subtracted.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWS | Second trace ampl. point window | 0.1 msec |
| Page: 225 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. ref window
Full name: Search window for second trace amplitude reference point
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 p
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
Normally, the Y-axis trace amplitude reference is taken from a single point in each frame. By setting this parameter to a larger value, you can cause the program to search an area of the length you specify, from the given “Second trace ampl. ref“, for a maximum or minimum level. This level will be used as the reference level which is subtracted from the sample level for the Y-axis.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWR | Second trace ampl. ref window | 0.1 msec |
| Page: 226 |
Parameter: Find second max trace ampl.
Full name: Find maximum point in second window, instead of minimum
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
This parameter tells the program whether to search the “Second trace ampl. point window” and/or the “Second trace ampl. ref window” for a maximum level or a minimum level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWF | Find second max trace ampl. | Y |
| Page: 227 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. integration
Full name: Integrate (sum up) points in second sample window
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
When this parameter is set to N, as it is initially, the program searches the “Second trace ampl. point window” (if one is specified) for a maximum or minimum level. This is repeated for every frame included in the graph.
If you set it to Y, then the program sums up the points in that range instead. For each frame, the reference level for the Y axis is determined first, in the usual way. Then the program takes every point in the “Second trace ampl. point window” and subtracts the reference level. The sum of these differences is taken as the Y-axis sample value for the frame.
Note that this parameter will also override the “Average second trace ampl. sample” option.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWI | Second trace ampl. integration | N |
| Page: 228 |
Parameter: Base cycle stats. on start
Full name: Base cycle activity statistics on start of activity
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: graphs which display cycle activity statistics
For the Raw or Averaged “W.F. amplitude vs step cycle” and the “W.F. activity burst duration vs cycle duration” graphs, if this option is enabled, the start of activity, rather than the end of activity, is used for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity falls, and where it falls within the cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWA | Base cycle stats. on start | N |
| Page: 229 |
Parameter: Amplitude W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for amplitude measurement
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all W.F. amplitude graphs, and averaging based on W.F. level
For analyses using W.F. amplitude (or W.F. level), this parameter selects the waveform where the measurements will be taken. The “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” parameters can then be used to limit the range of levels included in the analysis.
In the case of “W.F. level vs W.F. level” graphs, this parameter selects the waveform represented on the X-axis.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWN | Amplitude W.F. # | 0 |
| Page: 230 |
Parameter: Min W.F. amplitude
Full name: Minimum level for W.F. amplitude
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: -32768 A/D
Affects: all W.F. amplitude graphs, and averaging based on W.F. level
For analyses using W.F. amplitude (or W.F. level), this parameter can be set to reject levels that are too low. It can be set along with the “Max W.F. amplitude” parameter to limit the range of levels included in the analysis.
This parameter can be set by specifying the level in mV or A/D units. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate, on the displayed waveform, the minimum level (and the maximum).
When setting the Min and Max W.F. amplitude parameters visually, if the “Fixed W.F. level bins” option is enabled, the program will show how the selected range will be divided into bins. (With this option enabled, the amplitude parameters always define the range used, regardless of the actual range of levels on the waveform.) You must select the desired analysis method before doing this: if the current analysis method is trace or waveform averaging, the number of bins selected by the “# bins- avg” parameter will be shown, otherwise the “# bins- graph” parameter is used.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWRL | Min W.F. amplitude | -80000 mV |
| Page: 231 |
Parameter: Max W.F. amplitude
Full name: Maximum level for W.F. amplitude
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 32767 A/D
Affects: all W.F. amplitude graphs, and averaging based on W.F. level
For analyses using W.F. amplitude (or W.F. level), this parameter can be set to reject levels that are too high. It can be set along with the “Min W.F. amplitude” parameter to limit the range of levels included in the analysis.
This parameter can be set by specifying the level in mV or A/D units. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate, on the displayed waveform, the maximum level (and the minimum).
When setting the Min and Max W.F. amplitude parameters visually, if the “Fixed W.F. level bins” option is enabled, the program will show how the selected range will be divided into bins. (With this option enabled, the amplitude parameters always define the range used, regardless of the actual range of levels on the waveform.) You must select the desired analysis method before doing this: if the current analysis method is trace or waveform averaging, the number of bins selected by the “# bins- avg” parameter will be shown, otherwise the “# bins- graph” parameter is used.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWRU | Max W.F. amplitude | 79997.6 mV |
| Page: 232 |
Parameter: Fixed W.F. level bins
Full name: Fix W.F. level bins to selected W.F. amplitude range
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: averaging, or averaged graphs, based on W.F. level
For analyses using bins representing W.F. amplitude (or W.F. level), if this option is enabled, then the “Min W.F. amplitude” and “Max W.F. amplitude” parameters will always define the range which is divided into bins, even if it exceeds the range of levels in the waveform.
Normally, i.e. with this option disabled, these two amplitude parameters only restrict the range, such that only level readings within these bounds will be included in the analysis. They do not enlarge it: if the W.F. amplitude parameters are beyond the range of voltage levels in the waveform, it is the measured range which is divided into bins, not the range defined by the parameters.
When setting the Min and Max W.F. amplitude parameters visually, if this option is enabled, the program will show how the selected range will be divided into bins. You must select the desired analysis method before doing this: if the current analysis method is trace or waveform averaging, the number of bins selected by the “# bins- avg” parameter will be shown, otherwise the “# bins- graph” parameter is used.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWF | Fixed W.F. level bins | N |
| Page: 233 |
Parameter: W.F. ampl. as % of max
Full name: Show W.F. amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all W.F. amplitude graphs
For graphs of waveform amplitude, this parameter selects how the axis will be labeled. Normally, it is labelled in mV, V, A/D units, or some such measure of amplitude. If you set this option to Y, the axis will be labelled as percentages of the maximum waveform amplitude measured in the course of this analysis on this run of data, unless the maximum happens to be zero.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWP | W.F. ampl. as % of max | N |
| Page: 234 |
Parameter: W.F. amplitude delay
Full name: Delay for W.F. amplitude measurement
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: graphs where X-axis is W.F. amplitude, averaging based on W.F. level
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the time of some event in the Y-axis data, used to obtain a level reading on the waveform. The positive or negative delay is an offset from the time of the event, where the window for measurement is to begin. The window is the length of time the waveform is measured to obtain an average level reading.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWD | W.F. amplitude delay | 0 msec |
| Page: 235 |
Parameter: W.F. amplitude window
Full name: Window for W.F. amplitude measurement
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 p
Affects: graphs where X-axis is W.F. amplitude, averaging based on W.F. level
The parameters “W.F. amplitude delay” and “W.F. amplitude window” indicate a range of points, relative to the time of some event in the Y-axis data, used to obtain a level reading on the waveform. The positive or negative delay is an offset from the time of the event, where the window for measurement is to begin. The window is the length of time the waveform is measured to obtain an average level reading.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLWW | W.F. amplitude window | 0.1 msec |
| Page: 236 |
Parameter: W.F. activity
Full name: Cyclic waveform activity
Parameter type: waveform parameters
Initial value: not set
Affects: graphs which display cycle activity statistics
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | W.F. activity | ? |
| Page: 237 |
Parameter: Second ampl. W.F. #
Full name: Second waveform # for Y-axis amplitude measurement
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: W.F. level vs W.F. level graphs, burst or train duration vs cycle duration
For graphs of W.F. level vs W.F. level, this parameter selects the waveform where the measurements will be taken for the Y-axis. The “Second min W.F. ampl.” and “Second max W.F. ampl.” parameters can then be used to limit the range of levels included in the graph.
For graphs of burst duration, the end of a burst or train is taken from this second waveform’s parameters when the “Second W.F. bursts” or “Second W.F. trains” option is selected.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSWN | Second ampl. W.F. # | 0 |
| Page: 238 |
Parameter: Second min W.F. ampl.
Full name: Minimum level for Y-axis W.F. amplitude
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: -32768 A/D
Affects: W.F. level vs W.F. level graphs
For graphs of W.F. level vs W.F. level, this parameter can be set to reject Y-axis levels that are too low. It can be set along with the “Second max W.F. ampl.” parameter to limit the range of levels included in the graph.
This parameter can be set by specifying the level in mV or A/D units. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate, on the displayed waveform, the minimum level (and the maximum).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSWRL | Second min W.F. ampl. | -80000 mV |
| Page: 239 |
Parameter: Second max W.F. ampl.
Full name: Maximum level for Y-axis W.F. amplitude
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 32767 A/D
Affects: W.F. level vs W.F. level graphs
For graphs of W.F. level vs W.F. level, this parameter can be set to reject Y-axis levels that are too high. It can be set along with the “Second min W.F. ampl.” parameter to limit the range of levels included in the graph.
This parameter can be set by specifying the level in mV or A/D units. It can also be set visually, using the pointing device to indicate, on the displayed waveform, the maximum level (and the minimum).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSWRU | Second max W.F. ampl. | 79997.6 mV |
| Page: 240 |
Parameter: Second W.F. ampl. as % of max
Full name: Show Y-axis W.F. amplitudes as a percentage of the maximum
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. level vs W.F. level graphs
For graphs of W.F. level vs W.F. level, this parameter selects how the Y-axis will be labeled. Normally, it is labelled in mV, V, A/D units, or some such measure of amplitude. If you set this option to Y, the axis will be labelled as percentages of the maximum waveform amplitude measured for the Y-axis in the course of this analysis on this run of data, unless the maximum happens to be zero.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSWP | Second W.F. ampl. as % of max | N |
| Page: 241 |
Parameter: Spike trace #
Full name: Trace # for spike analysis
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: graphs of trace spike count or latency vs step cycle
This parameter chooses which trace will be scanned for spikes for graphs using trace spike counts or latencies. After setting this parameter, you should also set the “Trace spike threshold“, “Trace spike hysteresis“, “Trace spike discr.“, and “Trace spike delay” parameters appropriately for the chosen trace.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSTN | Spike trace # | ? |
| Page: 242 |
Parameter: Trace spike threshold
Full name: Threshold for spikes on trace
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: graphs of trace spike count or latency vs step cycle
For each frame in a trace spike count or latency graph, the selected trace is searched for spikes. The spike measurement is controlled by the “Trace spike threshold“, “Trace spike hysteresis“, and “Trace spike discr.“. Any spike that crosses the threshold, does not exceed the discriminator level, and falls below the hysteresis, is included in the graph.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSTS | Trace spike threshold | ? |
| Page: 243 |
Parameter: Trace spike hysteresis
Full name: Hysteresis for spikes on trace
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 0 A/D
Affects: graphs of trace spike count or latency vs step cycle
For each frame in a trace spike count or latency graph, the selected trace is searched for spikes. The spike measurement is controlled by the “Trace spike threshold“, “Trace spike hysteresis“, and “Trace spike discr.“. Any spike that crosses the threshold, does not exceed the discriminator level, and falls below the hysteresis, is included in the graph.
The hysteresis is actually a displacement from the threshold, and will usually be negative (below the threshold), for detection of positive going spikes. If it is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going spikes, which fall below the threshold, but not below the discriminator, then rise up above the hysteresis level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSTE | Trace spike hysteresis | 0 AD |
| Page: 244 |
Parameter: Trace spike discr.
Full name: Window discriminator for spikes on trace
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 32767 A/D
Affects: graphs of trace spike count or latency vs step cycle
For each frame in a trace spike count or latency graph, the selected trace is searched for spikes. The spike measurement is controlled by the “Trace spike threshold“, “Trace spike hysteresis“, and “Trace spike discr.“. Any spike that crosses the threshold, does not exceed the discriminator level, and falls below the hysteresis, is included in the graph. Spikes which exceed this discriminator level are rejected.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSTD | Trace spike discr. | 32767 AD |
| Page: 245 |
Parameter: Trace spike delay
Full name: Delay to start of spikes on trace
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: graphs of trace spike count or latency vs step cycle
This delay is simply an offset from the start of a frame’s window where the search for spikes is to begin; if set, spikes before this delay are ignored.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSTO | Trace spike delay | ? |
| Page: 246 |
Parameter: Base spike stats. on start
Full name: Base spike activity statistics on start of activity
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: graphs which display spike activity statistics
For most graphs involving waveform spikes, and for the “W.F. spike train duration vs cycle duration” graph, if this option is enabled, the start of the spike train, rather than the end of the spike train, is used for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular spike train falls, and where it falls within the cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSWA | Base spike stats. on start | N |
| Page: 247 |
Parameter: Display cycle activity
Full name: Display of start and end of cycle activity
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: action potential position graphs
For graphs of action potential position vs step cycle, or sorted by cycle length, this option determines whether markers will be placed on the graph, indicating the start and end of activity on the step cycle waveform.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSWD | Display cycle activity | N |
| Page: 248 |
Parameter: Spike W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for spike analysis
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all waveform spike analyses
This parameter chooses which waveform will be scanned for spikes (action potentials).
Apart from setting this parameter, you will also have to set up the waveform parameters for spike detection for the chosen waveform. These parameters are a part of the waveform parameter file associated with the waveform.
For some analyses, you will not only want to set up the spike detection parameters (threshold, hysteresis, discriminator), but also mark up the spike trains, so the program can differentiate between individual bursts of spiking activity on the waveform.
You can also set, in the waveform parameters for the chosen waveform, the “Single-unit data set #“, then select the spikes for that single-unit using additional spike rejection parameters (spike width range, range of areas under spike). You can then also manually delete unwanted spikes. Only the spikes in the current single-unit data set for this waveform will be used in any analysis. Setting the “Single-unit data set #” to 0 will make the program revert to using all spikes selected by the three spike detection parameters above.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSWN | Spike W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 249 |
Parameter: W.F. spikes
Full name: Waveform spiking activity (action potentials)
Parameter type: waveform parameters
Initial value: not set
Affects: all waveform spike analyses
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. spikes | ? |
| Page: 250 |
Parameter: Spikes to skip
Full name: Number of spikes to skip at start of cycle
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: graphs where X-axis is spike occ., averaging based on spike occ.
The “Spikes to skip” parameter can be set to indicate how many spikes to ignore at the beginning of each cycle. If it were set to, say, 5, then 10 bins would represent the sixth to the fifteenth actions potentials. If the “Reverse spike occurrences” option is then enabled, the 10 bins would represent the fifteen down to the sixth action potentials from the end of the cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSWS | Spikes to skip | 0 |
| Page: 251 |
Parameter: Reverse spike occurrences
Full name: Spike occurrences from end of cycle
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: graphs where X-axis is spike occ., averaging based on spike occ.
The “Spikes to skip” parameter can be set to indicate how many spikes to ignore at the beginning of each cycle. If it were set to, say, 5, then 10 bins would represent the sixth to the fifteenth actions potentials. If the “Reverse spike occurrences” option is then enabled, the 10 bins would represent the fifteen down to the sixth action potentials from the end of the cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSWR | Reverse spike occurrences | N |
| Page: 252 |
Parameter: Spike corr. W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for spike cross-correlation
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. spike cross-correlation histogram
Each action potential on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, in the range to be analysed, triggers a “sweep” from the waveform selected by the “Spike corr. W.F. #“. The window and delay for these sweeps are set as they are for spike triggered averages. Each sweep window is itself scanned for spikes, so you have to set the waveform parameters for spike detection for both of the above waveforms. These parameters are a part of the waveform parameter files associated with each waveform.
The resulting graph shows the average number of action potentials on this waveform (selected by the “Spike corr. W.F. #“), corresponding to time intervals before or after spikes on the other waveform.
The parameters “Corr. spikes before trigger” and “Corr. spikes after trigger” limit the number of spikes counted in each sweep.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSCN | Spike corr. W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 253 |
Parameter: W.F. corr. spikes
Full name: Waveform spiking activity (for cross correlation)
Parameter type: waveform parameters
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. spike cross-correlation histogram
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SS | W.F. corr. spikes | ? |
| Page: 254 |
Parameter: Corr. spikes before trigger
Full name: Number of spikes to correlate before trigger spike
Range: [ 0, 2 billion ]
Initial value: 2 billion
Affects: W.F. spike auto- or cross-correlation histogram
Each action potential on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, in the range to be analysed, triggers a “sweep” from the same waveform (auto-correlation), or the waveform selected by the “Spike corr. W.F. #” (cross-correlation). The window and delay for these sweeps are set as they are for spike triggered averages. Each sweep window is itself scanned for spikes, which are counted in the bins in which they occur.
You can limit the number of spikes counted in each sweep, to a certain number allowed before the sweep was triggered (if using a negative delay), and a certain number allowed after the sweep was triggered. This is done by setting the parameters “Corr. spikes before trigger” and “Corr. spikes after trigger“.
For example, if this parameter is set to 5, and 7 spikes occur before the triggering spike, only the 5 closest to the trigger are counted.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSCB | Corr. spikes before trigger | 2147483647 |
| Page: 255 |
Parameter: Corr. spikes after trigger
Full name: Number of spikes to correlate after trigger spike
Range: [ 0, 2 billion ]
Initial value: 2 billion
Affects: W.F. spike auto- or cross-correlation histogram
Each action potential on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, in the range to be analysed, triggers a “sweep” from the same waveform (auto-correlation), or the waveform selected by the “Spike corr. W.F. #” (cross-correlation). The window and delay for these sweeps are set as they are for spike triggered averages. Each sweep window is itself scanned for spikes, which are counted in the bins in which they occur.
You can limit the number of spikes counted in each sweep, to a certain number allowed before the sweep was triggered (if using a negative delay), and a certain number allowed after the sweep was triggered. This is done by setting the parameters “Corr. spikes before trigger” and “Corr. spikes after trigger“.
For example, if this parameter is set to 5, and 7 spikes occur after the triggering spike, only the 5 closest to the trigger are counted.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SSCA | Corr. spikes after trigger | 2147483647 |
| Page: 256 |
Parameter: Min inter-spike interval
Full name: Minimum inter-spike interval included in average
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. averaging based on spike interval
The Min and Max “inter-spike interval” parameters define the range of interval lengths which is divided into bins. Intervals outside this range will be excluded from the average (no sweeps will be taken at the times these occur).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMIL | Min inter-spike interval | ? |
| Page: 257 |
Parameter: Max inter-spike interval
Full name: Maximum inter-spike interval included in average
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. averaging based on spike interval
The Min and Max “inter-spike interval” parameters define the range of interval lengths which is divided into bins. Intervals outside this range will be excluded from the average (no sweeps will be taken at the times these occur).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMIU | Max inter-spike interval | ? |
| Page: 258 |
Parameter: Take interval after spike
Full name: Take interval after spike, instead of before
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. averaging based on spike interval, graphs of spike interval or freq
Normally, the inter-spike interval associated with a given spike is the time from the previous spike (i.e. the interval is before the current spike). If you set this option to Y, the interval is measured after the spike, as the time to the next spike.
For graphs of instantaneous frequency or firing frequency, this frequency is calculated as the inverse of the interval above.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMIA | Take interval after spike | N |
| Page: 259 |
Parameter: X-axis W.F. #
Full name: Waveform number for X-axis of start/stop time graph
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
This parameter selects which waveform’s activity markings will be used for the X-axis data on this graph. You will have to mark up the start and stop times for cycle or spike activity for this waveform. These activity markings are a part of the waveform parameter file associated with the waveform.
Next, set the “Base X on stop time” and “Base X on spike trains” options to the appropriate values for the type and time of activity of interest on this waveform.
Since the start or stop times are calculated relative to the start of the cycle in which they occur, you will also have to set the “Cycle W.F. #“, and its related cycle markers. The “X-axis cycle offset” can be set to change how the program determines with which cycle a start or stop time is associated.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSXW | X-axis W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 260 |
Parameter: X-axis cycle offset
Full name: Cycle error offset for X-axis of graph
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
This parameter effectively time-shifts the cycles for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity or spike train falls. This allows more reliable results in borderline cases. For example, if a burst usually starts somewhat after the start of the cycle, but starts a bit early for a few cycles, you can select a negative offset of a few milliseconds so that these few bursts will properly be associated with the cycles in which they occur, even though they start a few milliseconds before the start of their associated cycles. Similarly, a positive offset can be used if a few bursts end slightly after the end of the cycle in which they occur. Note that this offset does not affect the calculation of the coordinate, so it is possible to get negative points plotted.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSXC | X-axis cycle offset | 0 msec |
| Page: 261 |
Parameter: Base X on stop time
Full name: Base X-axis of graph on stop time
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
If the option “Base X on stop time” is enabled, times for the end of activity, rather than for the start of activity, are used for the X coordinates. If the option “Base X on spike trains” is enabled, the start or end of spike trains for this waveform are used for the X coordinates, rather than the usual (duty cycle) activity.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSXS | Base X on stop time | N |
| Page: 262 |
Parameter: Base X on spike trains
Full name: Base X-axis of graph on spike activity trains
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
If the option “Base X on stop time” is enabled, times for the end of activity, rather than for the start of activity, are used for the X coordinates. If the option “Base X on spike trains” is enabled, the start or end of spike trains for this waveform are used for the X coordinates, rather than the usual (duty cycle) activity.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSXT | Base X on spike trains | N |
| Page: 263 |
Parameter: Y-axis W.F. #
Full name: Waveform number for Y-axis of start/stop time graph
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
This parameter selects which waveform’s activity markings will be used for the Y-axis data on this graph. You will have to mark up the start and stop times for cycle or spike activity for this waveform. These activity markings are a part of the waveform parameter file associated with the waveform.
Next, set the “Base Y on stop time” and “Base Y on spike trains” options to the appropriate values for the type and time of activity of interest on this waveform.
Since the start or stop times are calculated relative to the start of the cycle in which they occur, you will also have to set the “Cycle W.F. #“, and its related cycle markers. The “Y-axis cycle offset” can be set to change how the program determines with which cycle a start or stop time is associated.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSYW | Y-axis W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 264 |
Parameter: Y-axis cycle offset
Full name: Cycle error offset for Y-axis of graph
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
This parameter effectively time-shifts the cycles for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity or spike train falls. This allows more reliable results in borderline cases. For example, if a burst usually starts somewhat after the start of the cycle, but starts a bit early for a few cycles, you can select a negative offset of a few milliseconds so that these few bursts will properly be associated with the cycles in which they occur, even though they start a few milliseconds before the start of their associated cycles. Similarly, a positive offset can be used if a few bursts end slightly after the end of the cycle in which they occur. Note that this offset does not affect the calculation of the coordinate, so it is possible to get negative points plotted.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSYC | Y-axis cycle offset | 0 msec |
| Page: 265 |
Parameter: Base Y on stop time
Full name: Base Y-axis of graph on stop time
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
If the option “Base Y on stop time” is enabled, times for the end of activity, rather than for the start of activity, are used for the Y coordinates. If the option “Base Y on spike trains” is enabled, the start or end of spike trains for this waveform are used for the Y coordinates, rather than the usual (duty cycle) activity.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSYS | Base Y on stop time | N |
| Page: 266 |
Parameter: Base Y on spike trains
Full name: Base Y-axis of graph on spike activity trains
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
If the option “Base Y on stop time” is enabled, times for the end of activity, rather than for the start of activity, are used for the Y coordinates. If the option “Base Y on spike trains” is enabled, the start or end of spike trains for this waveform are used for the Y coordinates, rather than the usual (duty cycle) activity.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSYT | Base Y on spike trains | N |
| Page: 267 |
Parameter: Cycle durations on X
Full name: Show cycle durations in place of usual X-axis
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity start & stop time analysis
If the “Cycle durations on X” option is enabled, the usual X-axis is overridden by the cycle durations. In other words, the graph becomes one of start or stop time of activity in cycle, versus cycle duration.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMSC | Cycle durations on X | N |
| Page: 268 |
Parameter: Burst cycle offset
Full name: Cycle error offset for burst duration graph
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
This parameter effectively time-shifts the cycles for the purpose of determining in which cycle a particular burst of activity or spike train falls. This allows more reliable results in borderline cases. For example, if a burst usually starts somewhat after the start of the cycle, but starts a bit early for a few cycles, you can select a negative offset of a few milliseconds so that these few bursts will properly be associated with the cycles in which they occur, even though they start a few milliseconds before the start of their associated cycles. Similarly, a positive offset can be used if a few bursts end slightly after the end of the cycle in which they occur.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBC | Burst cycle offset | 0 msec |
| Page: 269 |
Parameter: Burst duration type
Full name: Type of burst duration calculation
Range: [ 0, 3 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
This parameter determines the way in which the burst duration is calculated for each burst of activity. The initial value, 0, means the duration is the time from the start of the burst to the end of it. A 1 means the time from the start of the burst to the start of the next burst. A 2 means the time from the end of the burst to the start of the next, and a 3 means the time from the end of the burst to the end of the next.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBD | Burst duration type | 0 |
| Page: 270 |
Parameter: Flip durations
Full name: Flip around durations on X and Y axes
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
If the “Flip durations” option is enabled, the usual X and Y axes are transposed, giving you a graph of cycle duration versus burst duration. If the “Flip durations” option and the “Burst positions in cycle” option are both enabled, the graph becomes one of cycle duration versus position of burst in cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBF | Flip durations | N |
| Page: 271 |
Parameter: Relative burst durations
Full name: Show burst durations relative to cycle durations
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
If the “Relative burst durations” option is set, burst durations are shown as a percentage of the corresponding cycle durations.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBR | Relative burst durations | N |
| Page: 272 |
Parameter: Burst positions in cycle
Full name: Show burst positions in cycle on X, not cycle durations
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
If the “Burst positions in cycle” option is enabled, the usual X-axis is overridden by the cycle positions of the activity bursts. In other words, the graph becomes one of burst duration versus position of burst in cycle. Just like any of the other graphs of “something” vs cycle, this graph can be normalized, and the “Cycles on graph” parameter will then take effect.
If this option and the “Flip durations” option are both enabled, the graph becomes one of cycle duration versus position of burst in cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBV | Burst positions in cycle | N |
| Page: 273 |
Parameter: # bins- avg
Full name: Number of bins for W.F./trace averaging
Range: [ 1, 32767 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all trace and waveform averaging
When calculating averaged sweeps from traces or waveforms, this parameter determines how many bins will be used for each trace or waveform. Depending on the type of averaging selected, bins may represent cycle phase, waveform amplitude, tag value, spike occurrences within cycles, or spike interval. Whatever range is represented is evenly divided into the number of intervals given by this parameter.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SAB | # bins- avg | ? |
| Page: 274 |
Parameter: Start bin- avg
Full name: Starting bin # for W.F./trace averaging
Range: [ 1, 32767 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: all trace and waveform averaging based on cycle phase
When bins represent cycle phase, you can “rotate” the bins to start at a different point in the cycle, by setting this parameter to a different bin number.
This affects the display only, and not the actual calculation of averages.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SAS | Start bin- avg | 1 |
| Page: 275 |
Parameter: Preview averaged data
Full name: Display preview of data used in average
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace and waveform averaging
If this option is enabled, when you perform the “Go” operation after selecting a trace or waveform averaging analysis, the program will display every sweep that is being added into a bin.
After each screen-full, you are asked if you want to see more. You can enter Y to see another screen-full, N to continue averaging without previewing, or ESCAPE to abort the averaging. After the last screen-full of raw sweeps, hitting any key will cause the screen to be cleared and the averages to be displayed.
If this option is enabled during a graph of “W.F. L.D.P. level vs cycle duration“, the calculated minimum and maximum levels are displayed as markers on the waveform. You can use the cursor to move the markers to the levels you desire, to correct the L.D.P. calculation. When you exit the preview display, the complete graph is shown. If you repeat the “Go” operation when the graph does not need to be recalculated, the program will ask you if you want to recalculate it anyway, and if not, whether you want to review the calculated levels.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SAP | Preview averaged data | N |
| Page: 276 |
Parameter: Frame list
Full name: List of frame #’s for frame averaging
Parameter type: number list, Size: 99
Range: [ 1, 32768 ]
Initial value: All
Affects: averaging by frame list or tag value, trace ampl. vs frame number
This parameter selects the frames to be included in the average or graph. The list consists of frame numbers separated by a single comma, or by one or more spaces. A range can be given as two frame numbers separated by a hyphen or colon. For example:
1, 4 7:10 11,13 15-17
would select frames 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16 and 17. Repetitions are allowed.
For the graph of “Raw trace amplitude vs frame number“, frames are sampled and displayed in the order specified in this list, which does not have to be in strictly increasing order.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SATF | Frame list | All |
| Page: 277 |
Parameter: Trace # list
Full name: List of trace #’s for frame averaging
Parameter type: number list, Size: 16
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: All
Affects: all trace averaging
This parameter selects the traces to be included in the average. The list consists of trace numbers separated by a single comma, or by one or more spaces. A range can be given as two trace numbers separated by a hyphen or colon. For example:
0, 4 7:10 11,13-15
would select traces 0, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15. Averaged traces are displayed in numerical order, regardless of the order specified in the list. Repetitions are ignored.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SATT | Trace # list | All |
| Page: 278 |
Parameter: W.F. # list
Full name: List of waveform #’s for W.F. averaging
Parameter type: number list, Size: 16
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: All
Affects: all waveform averaging
This parameter selects the waveforms to be included in the average. The list consists of waveform numbers separated by a single comma, or by one or more spaces. A range can be given as two waveform numbers separated by a hyphen or colon. For example:
0, 4 7:10 11,13-15
would select waveforms 0, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15. Averaged waveforms are displayed in numerical order, regardless of the order specified in the list (unlike the raw waveform display). Repetitions are ignored.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SAWL | W.F. # list | All |
| Page: 279 |
Parameter: W.F. avg delay
Full name: Delay to window for W.F. averaging
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: all waveform averaging, W.F. spike correlation histograms
To perform waveform averaging, the continuous signal on each waveform must be broken down into sweeps of some length. The sweeps are added to obtain one or more averages for each waveform. For spike correlation, it is also necessary to break one waveform into sweeps, triggered by action potentials on the same waveform, or on another waveform.
The parameter “W.F. avg window” controls the duration of each sweep, and “W.F. avg delay” is a positive, zero or negative offset from the time the sweep is triggered to the time the sweep’s window begins.
The same parameters also control the delay and size of sweeps in the “Retrigger” operation.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SAWD | W.F. avg delay | 0 msec |
| Page: 280 |
Parameter: W.F. avg window
Full name: Window duration for W.F. averaging
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all waveform averaging, W.F. spike correlation histograms
To perform waveform averaging, the continuous signal on each waveform must be broken down into sweeps of some length. The sweeps are added to obtain one or more averages for each waveform. For spike correlation, it is also necessary to break one waveform into sweeps, triggered by action potentials on the same waveform, or on another waveform.
The parameter “W.F. avg window” controls the duration of each sweep, and “W.F. avg delay” is a positive, zero or negative offset from the time the sweep is triggered to the time the sweep’s window begins.
The same parameters also control the delay and size of sweeps in the “Retrigger” operation.
For waveform averaging, the window size cannot exceed 32767 A/D sample points.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SAWW | W.F. avg window | ? |
| Page: 281 |
Parameter: # bins- graph
Full name: Number of bins for average data graphs
Range: [ 1, 32767 ]
Initial value: 100
Affects: all graphs of averaged data, and all raw spike occ. graphs
This parameter determines how many bins will be represented on the X-axis of graphs. Depending on the type of graph selected, bins may represent cycle phase, trace or waveform amplitude, time, or spike occurrences within cycles. Whatever range is represented is evenly divided into the number of intervals given by this parameter. Averaged graphs will have one data value plotted for each bin.
By setting the “Histogram display” option, you can get a display of the count in each bin of an averaged graph, rather than the actual averaged data values.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SGB | # bins- graph | 100 |
| Page: 282 |
Parameter: Start bin- graph
Full name: Starting bin # for averaged data graphs
Range: [ 1, 32767 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: all graphs of averaged data based on cycle phase
When bins represent cycle phase, you can “rotate” the bins to start at a different point in the cycle, by setting this parameter to a different bin number.
This affects the display only, and not the actual calculation of averages.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SGS | Start bin- graph | 1 |
| Page: 283 |
Parameter: Normalization
Full name: Normalization of step cycle lengths
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all graphs of “something” vs step cycle
For graphs where the X-axis represents the cycle phase, because the cycles vary in length, they are usually normalized to the same length, so that both the starts and the ends of the cycles line up. The X-axis represents the position in the cycle, from 0 to 1, and the cycle displayed may be repeated several times, as selected by the “Cycles on graph” parameter (which also allows selection of polar plots).
If this option is disabled, only the starts of cycles are lined up, and the X-axis represents time from the start of the cycle. The “Cycles on graph” parameter then has no effect.
Normalization can be performed separately on the active and inactive phases of each cycle, if you enable this feature using the “Percent of cycle active” parameter. Otherwise, cycles are scaled linearly regardless of where activity ends within each cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SGN | Normalization | Y |
| Page: 284 |
Parameter: Cycles on graph
Full name: Number of cycles displayed on graph
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 2
Affects: all graphs of “something” vs step cycle
For graphs where the X-axis represents the cycle phase, when the “Normalization” option is enabled, the “Cycles on graph” parameter selects the number of times cycles are repeated along the X-axis. The axis is labelled from 0 to the number of cycles.
This parameter can also be set to 0. One cycle will still be displayed, but it will be drawn as a polar plot. The position in the cycle (usually the X coordinate) determines the angle where a point is drawn. The angles are labelled around the graph, in degrees. An angle of zero gives some point directly right of centre, 1/4 cycle is directly above centre (90 deg.), 1/2 cycle directly left (180 deg.), etc. The Y coordinate determines the distance of the point from the centre of the graph. It is usually a good idea to disable “Auto scale“, and fix the Y-axis lower-bound at 0 for polar plots. The Y-axis labels appear in the upper-left quadrant of polar plots. They are drawn using the same scaling as a one-cycle linear plot. You can easily switch between the two, by alternating this parameter between 0 and 1. Only normalized cycle graphs make use of this parameter, so only they can be made into polar plots.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SGC | Cycles on graph | 2 |
| Page: 285 |
Parameter: Regression degree
Full name: Polynomial degree for curvilinear regression
Range: [ 0, 20 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all graphs
Curvilinear regression can be performed on the data of any graph. This parameter can be set to the degree desired: 0 for no regression, 1 for linear regression, 2 for quadratic, etc. (up to 20). The regression line or curve will be drawn on the graph. A line above the graph will indicate the correlation coefficient (labelled as R2, actually R-squared), the intercept (b), and the slope coefficients (m).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SGR | Regression degree | 0 |
| Page: 286 |
Parameter: Raw W.F. # list
Full name: List of waveform #’s for raw W.F. display
Parameter type: number list, Size: 16
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: All
Affects: Raw waveform display
This parameter selects the waveforms to be included in the display. The list consists of waveform numbers separated by a single comma, or by one or more spaces. A range can be given as two waveform numbers separated by a hyphen or colon. For example:
0, 11,13-15 4 7:10
would display waveforms 0, 11, 13, 14, 15, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10, in that order. Repetitions are allowed.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWL | Raw W.F. # list | All |
| Page: 287 |
Parameter: Display crossings
Full name: Display of cycle crossings on W.F. display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
If this option is enabled, markers on the display will show where the cycles start, provided that the “Cycle W.F. #” parameter has been set, and the cycle related waveform parameters for that waveform have also been properly set. Similarly, if the “Display cycle lengths” option is enabled, the cycle lengths are indicated at the bottom of the display. If the “Display both crossings” option is enabled, in addition to the “Display crossings” option, then a second set of slightly smaller markers will also show the end of activity in each cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWM | Display crossings | N |
| Page: 288 |
Parameter: Display both crossings
Full name: Display of both start and end markers on W.F.
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
If the “Display both crossings” option is enabled, in addition to the “Display crossings” option, then a second set of slightly smaller markers will show the end of activity in each cycle.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWB | Display both crossings | N |
| Page: 289 |
Parameter: Display cycle lengths
Full name: Display of cycle durations on W.F. display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
If this option is enabled, the cycle lengths are indicated at the bottom of the display, provided that the “Cycle W.F. #” parameter has been set, and the cycle related waveform parameters for that waveform have also been properly set.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWC | Display cycle lengths | N |
| Page: 290 |
Parameter: Graph description
Full name: Additional description for graph display
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 79 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: all graphs
If this string is set, it will appear on the second line of text at the top of the display, after the run description, in place of the bracketed analysis range (and tag list, if applicable).
You can set it to any line of text you desire, and you can clear it by setting it to a single space.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDD | Graph description | “” |
| Page: 291 |
Parameter: Main graph title
Full name: Main title for graph display
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 79 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: all graphs
If this string is set, it will appear in place of the usual “y” vs “x” title line, centered at the bottom of the graph.
You can set it to any line of text you desire, and you can clear it by setting it to a single space.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDM | Main graph title | “” |
| Page: 292 |
Parameter: Number list format
Full name: Format of numbers or number pairs for Bins-save
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 63 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: “Bins-save” operation for all graphs
If your current analysis method is a form of graph, the “Bins-save” operation allows you to see the numeric values used to generate the graph, and to save these numbers in an ASCII text file. By default, only the Y-axis values are saved, but you can change this string to indicate which values you want. This string will be output for each point in the graph, and any “x” or “y” in the string is replaced with the X or Y value for that point. For example:
(x, y)\n
will cause each point to be output with the X and Y values in parentheses, separated by a comma, and a newline character after each closing parenthesis. The recognised backslash-character escapes are “\b” (backspace), “\f” (formfeed), “\n” (newline), “\r” (return), “\t” (tab), and “\” followed by up to 3 octal digits to specify a character numerically.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDN | Number list format | “” |
| Page: 293 |
Parameter: Graph type
Full name: Graph (symbol) type code for data graphs
Parameter type: graph type (Adaptive, Bar, Dot, Symbol)
Initial value: Adaptive
Affects: all graphs
This parameter determines how data points will be drawn on the graph. If Bar is chosen, the values are shown as vertical bars from the bottom of the graph, up to the level indicated by each value. If Dot is chosen, the values are shown as single dots. If Symbol is chosen, the values are shown as diamond symbols, whose size can be changed by the “Diamond symbol size” parameter.
If Adaptive is chosen, the type is automatically picked as one of the other three choices, based on context. Usually, it will be a dot graph. For graphs of averages, and some raw graphs, symbols will be used if there are less than 100 points. For analyses that normally produce frequency histograms, bars will be displayed if there are less than 400 bins.
For most dot and symbol graphs, the data points will be connected by line segments if the “Interpolation” option is enabled. For symbol graphs, you can replace the diamond symbol with a character label, by setting the “Graph tag symbol” parameter.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDGG | Graph type | Adaptive |
| Page: 294 |
Parameter: Histogram type
Full name: Histogram type (bar style) code
Parameter type: graph type (Adaptive, Bar, Dot, Symbol)
Initial value: Adaptive
Affects: all averaged graphs
This parameter determines how data points will be drawn on the histograms displayed in place of graphs of averaged data, when the “Histogram display” option is enabled. If Bar is chosen, the values are shown as vertical bars from the bottom of the graph, up to the level indicated by each value. If Dot is chosen, the values are shown as single dots. If Symbol is chosen, the values are shown as diamond symbols, whose size can be changed by the “Diamond symbol size” parameter.
If Adaptive is chosen, the type is automatically picked as one of the other three choices, based on context. Bars will be displayed if there are less than 400 bins, otherwise dots are shown.
For analyses that normally produce frequency histograms, even when the “Histogram display” option is disabled, use the “Graph type” parameter instead. The “Histogram type” parameter is only for histograms generated when the “Histogram display” option is enabled.
For dot and symbol graphs, the data points will be connected by line segments if the “Interpolation” option is enabled. For symbol graphs, you can replace the diamond symbol with a character label, by setting the “Graph tag symbol” parameter.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDGH | Histogram type | Adaptive |
| Page: 295 |
Parameter: Std. deviation type
Full name: Graph type code for plotting standard deviations
Parameter type: graph type (Adaptive, Bar, Dot, Symbol)
Initial value: Adaptive
Affects: all averaged graphs
This parameter determines how the standard deviations will be drawn on graphs of averaged data. If Bar is chosen, the values are shown as vertical bars, centered at the mean, and extending up and down by one standard deviation. If Dot is chosen, the values are shown as single dots above and below the mean. If Symbol is chosen, the values are shown as diamond symbols, whose size can be changed by the “Diamond symbol size” parameter.
If Adaptive is chosen, the type is automatically picked as one of the other three choices, based on context. If there are less than 100 bins, symbols will be used. Otherwise, dots are drawn.
For dot and symbol graphs, the deviation points will be connected by line segments if the “Interpolation” option is enabled. For symbol graphs, you can replace the diamond symbol with a character label, by setting the “Graph tag symbol” parameter.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDGS | Std. deviation type | Adaptive |
| Page: 296 |
Parameter: Diamond symbol size
Full name: Size (in pixels) of diamond symbol
Range: [ 0, 100 ]
Initial value: 5
Affects: all graphs where symbols are drawn
This parameter determines the height and width, in pixels, of diamond symbols on the graph. The smallest allowable size is 3; if you enter anything lower, the size will be 5. If you give an even number, the size will be one pixel less than specified (an odd number is needed for proper centering).
This parameter will have no effect if the “Graph tag symbol” parameter has been set to some character string, since the tag symbol will override the diamond symbol.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDGD | Diamond symbol size | 5 |
| Page: 297 |
Parameter: Graph tag symbol
Full name: Tag character to be used as graph symbol
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 3 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: all graphs where symbols are drawn
If you set this string, it will be placed as a vertically and horizontally centered label at each data point of the graph, instead of a diamond symbol. The centering will not usually look right on screen, but will be better for some characters on the pen plotter. This option is especially useful if the graph is to be edited in the “layout” program. The tag characters in the graph can be changed to use any character in the “+special” or “+symbol” font.
To clear this string, set it to a single space character. This will make the program revert to using diamond symbols.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDGT | Graph tag symbol | “” |
| Page: 298 |
Parameter: Auto scale
Full name: Automatic scaling mode for graph axes
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all analyses
When this option is enabled, as it is initially, the scaling of the axes is adjusted to fit all of the data to be displayed.
If you want to manually control the scaling, run the analysis once, to get the automatically calculated scaling values. Then, disable this option, and manually adjust the scaling for the Y-axis and X-axis as desired. This is useful for clipping out unwanted peaks, or to standardise the scaling for several graphs.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSA | Auto scale | Y |
| Page: 299 |
Parameter: X scale bars
Full name: X scale bar/axis display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all analyses
When this option is enabled, as it is initially, the X-axis scale bar(s) will appear on the graph, display of averages, or raw waveform display.
If disabled, the X-axis scale bar(s), and associated labelling, will be left out. For graphs, the appearance and size will not otherwise be changed. Other displays may be resized to use up the space previously occupied by the scale bar or axis.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSXS | X scale bars | Y |
| Page: 300 |
Parameter: Y scale bars
Full name: Y scale bar/axis display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all analyses
When this option is enabled, as it is initially, the Y-axis scale bar(s) will appear on the graph, display of averages, or raw waveform display.
If disabled, the Y-axis scale bar(s), and associated labelling, will be left out. For graphs, the appearance and size will not otherwise be changed. Other displays may be resized to use up the space previously occupied by the scale bar or axis.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYS | Y scale bars | Y |
| Page: 301 |
Parameter: Min X
Full name: Minimum X-axis value
Range: [ -1e24, 1e24 ] (or [-(10^24), 10^24])
Initial value: 0
Affects: all graphs, except when X-axis is normalized step cycle
This parameter is adjusted automatically to fit the data on the graph, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the lower bound of the graph’s X-axis. The program may make small adjustments to this and the maximum value, to get proper tick mark spacing on the X-axis. (These adjustment may increase the range, but will not decrease it.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSXL | Min X | 0 |
| Page: 302 |
Parameter: Max X
Full name: Maximum X-axis value
Range: [ -1e24, 1e24 ] (or [-(10^24), 10^24])
Initial value: 0
Affects: all graphs, except when X-axis is normalized step cycle
This parameter is adjusted automatically to fit the data on the graph, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the upper bound of the graph’s X-axis. The program may make small adjustments to this and the minimum value, to get proper tick mark spacing on the X-axis. (These adjustment may increase the range, but will not decrease it.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSXU | Max X | 0 |
| Page: 303 |
Parameter: Min Y
Full name: Minimum Y-axis value
Range: [ -1e24, 1e24 ] (or [-(10^24), 10^24])
Initial value: 0
Affects: all graphs, except when “Histogram display” enabled
This parameter is adjusted automatically to fit the data on the graph, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the lower bound of the graph’s Y-axis. The program may make small adjustments to this and the maximum value, to get proper tick mark spacing on the Y-axis. (These adjustment may increase the range, but will not decrease it.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYL | Min Y | 0 |
| Page: 304 |
Parameter: Max Y
Full name: Maximum Y-axis value
Range: [ -1e24, 1e24 ] (or [-(10^24), 10^24])
Initial value: 0
Affects: all graphs, except when “Histogram display” enabled
This parameter is adjusted automatically to fit the data on the graph, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the upper bound of the graph’s Y-axis. The program may make small adjustments to this and the minimum value, to get proper tick mark spacing on the Y-axis. (These adjustment may increase the range, but will not decrease it.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYU | Max Y | 0 |
| Page: 305 |
Parameter: Min Y- hist
Full name: Minimum Y value for histograms
Range: [ 0, 1e24 ] (or [0, 10^24])
Initial value: 0
Affects: all averaged graphs, when “Histogram display” enabled
This parameter is adjusted automatically to fit the data on the histogram, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the lower bound of the histogram’s Y-axis. The program may make small adjustments to this and the maximum value, to get proper tick mark spacing on the Y-axis. (These adjustment may increase the range, but will not decrease it.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYHL | Min Y- hist | 0 |
| Page: 306 |
Parameter: Max Y- hist
Full name: Maximum Y value for histograms
Range: [ 0, 1e24 ] (or [0, 10^24])
Initial value: 0
Affects: all averaged graphs, when “Histogram display” enabled
This parameter is adjusted automatically to fit the data on the histogram, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the upper bound of the histogram’s Y-axis. The program may make small adjustments to this and the minimum value, to get proper tick mark spacing on the Y-axis. (These adjustment may increase the range, but will not decrease it.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYHU | Max Y- hist | 0 |
| Page: 307 |
Parameter: Min trace level
Full name: Minimum level for trace
Units: V or A/D, Size: 100
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: trace averaging
This array of parameters is adjusted automatically to fit the data of the traces included in the average, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the lower bounds displayed for these traces. You are first asked for the trace number, then the minimum level for the trace.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYTL | Min trace level | ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| Page: 308 |
Parameter: Max trace level
Full name: Maximum level for trace
Units: V or A/D, Size: 100
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: trace averaging
This array of parameters is adjusted automatically to fit the data of the traces included in the average, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the upper bounds displayed for these traces. You are first asked for the trace number, then the maximum level for the trace.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYTU | Max trace level | ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| Page: 309 |
Parameter: Min W.F. level
Full name: Minimum level for waveform
Units: V or A/D, Size: 100
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: waveform averaging, raw waveform display
This array of parameters is adjusted automatically to fit the data of the waveforms included in the display, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the lower bounds displayed for these waveforms. You are first asked for the waveform number, then the minimum level for the waveform.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYWL | Min W.F. level | ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| Page: 310 |
Parameter: Max W.F. level
Full name: Maximum level for waveform
Units: V or A/D, Size: 100
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: waveform averaging, raw waveform display
This array of parameters is adjusted automatically to fit the data of the waveforms included in the display, when the “Auto scale” option is enabled.
When auto-scaling is disabled, you can adjust this to change the upper bounds displayed for these waveforms. You are first asked for the waveform number, then the maximum level for the waveform.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSYWU | Max W.F. level | ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
| Page: 311 |
Parameter: Show areas under curves
Full name: Show areas under mean and std. dev. curves
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all averaged graphs
If this option is enabled, the area under the mean curve is shown at the top of the display, as well as the areas under the standard deviation curves, if these are displayed.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTA | Show areas under curves | N |
| Page: 312 |
Parameter: Get cursor readings
Full name: Get cursor readings on displayed data
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all analyses, visual parameter setting
If this option is enabled, the program will pause after every “sweep” of data is displayed, to allow you to get readings from the data.
You can set two markers, A and B, to two different points on the data, by using the pointing device to move the cursor to the desired position, then pressing either button A or B. The X and Y coordinates for the markers are displayed above the menu. You can also use space and backspace to move the last marker set forward or backward by one data point.
When you are finished with one sweep, press D to go on to the next one. You can also type a Q to quit entirely; this will simply disable this option.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTC | Get cursor readings | N |
| Page: 313 |
Parameter: Histogram display
Full name: Histogram display for averaged data graphs
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all averaged graphs
By setting the “Histogram display” option, you can get a display of the count in each bin of an averaged graph, rather than the actual averaged data values.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTH | Histogram display | N |
| Page: 314 |
Parameter: Interpolation
Full name: Linear interpolation of data points
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: most graphs, trace and waveform averaging, raw waveform display
This option specifies whether linear interpolation should be performed on the displayed data. If disabled, only the data points are shown. If enabled, the data points will be shown, and will be interconnected by line segments.
A separate option, “Plot Interp.”, controls interpolation for plotter output. It is enabled by default, since you normally wouldn’t want to plot individual dots on the pen plotter (especially if there are a lot of data points). Yet another option, “W.F. Interpolation“, controls interpolation for waveforms displayed for visual parameter setting.
If the “Extend interpolation” option is disabled, the program interpolates only between points that are shown on the graph, and completely ignores points that are clipped out because they are too high or too low. This may give certain graphs a very “broken” appearance. If both the “Interpolation” and the “Extend interpolation” options are enabled, then the program will perform partial interpolation between clipped points; line segments are drawn toward these points, up to the top or bottom of the graph.
Note that large waveforms are displayed more quickly when interpolation is enabled, since the program can eliminate redundant points from the display.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTI | Interpolation | Y |
| Page: 315 |
Parameter: Extend interpolation
Full name: Extend interpolation toward clipped points
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: most graphs, trace and waveform averaging, raw waveform display
If disabled, the program interpolates only between points that are shown on the graph, and completely ignores points that are clipped out because they are too high or too low. This may give certain graphs a very “broken” appearance. If both the “Interpolation” option (or “Plot Interp.” for plotter output) and the “Extend interpolation” option are enabled, then the program will perform partial interpolation between clipped points; line segments are drawn toward these points, up to the top or bottom of the graph.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTX | Extend interpolation | Y |
| Page: 316 |
Parameter: Overlay bins
Full name: Overlayed bins for averaged trace(s)
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace and waveform averaging
This option controls whether the bins for each trace or waveform in the average will be displayed individually, or overlaid on top of each other. When bins are superimposed, it is easier to compare them, but much harder to tell which is which.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTO | Overlay bins | N |
| Page: 317 |
Parameter: Display relative levels
Full name: Display relative levels for averaged trace(s)
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace and waveform averaging
Normally, the program displays averages in absolute voltage units, and all bins for a given trace or waveform are displayed at the same range of voltage levels.
If the bins contain fairly weak signals, but there are large voltage offsets between bins, this type of display may not be appropriate. By setting this option to Y, you can get the bins displayed relative to the minimum level in each bin. They will still all be shown at the same scale, but the baseline is adjusted for each.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTR | Display relative levels | N |
| Page: 318 |
Parameter: Display std dev
Full name: Display of standard deviation of averaged data
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all averaged graphs, trace and waveform averaging
If this option is enabled, the standard deviation curves are displayed, above and below the mean curve(s).
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTS | Display std dev | N |
| Page: 319 |
Parameter: Top title display
Full name: Top title display for graphs
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all analyses
Normally, the top few lines of the display (2 for averages, 3 for raw waveform displays, 4 for graphs) give information about the analysis and the run file used. If you disable this option, these lines are suppressed, leaving more room for the graph or display.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDTT | Top title display | Y |
| Page: 320 |
Parameter: Freq. units
Full name: Units for frequency display
Parameter type: units (Hz)
Initial value: Hz
Affects: graphs of frequency, frequency parameter setting
Whenever frequencies are displayed, on graphs or during parameter setting, this option determines the units in which they are shown. It also determines the default units used for setting frequency parameters. You can set it to Hz, KHz, or MHz.
When setting a frequency parameter, you can follow the number by one of the above unit specifiers, to override the current value. Actually, the specifier “Hz” can be preceded by any of “a”, “f”, “p”, “n”, “u”, “m”, “K”, “M”, “G” or “T”, representing atto-, femto-, pico-, nano-, micro-, milli-, Kilo-, Mega-, Giga- or Tera-Hertz.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDUF | Freq. units | Hz |
| Page: 321 |
Parameter: Sample units
Full name: Units for A/D sample display
Parameter type: units (A/D or V)
Initial value: mV
Affects: most analyses, ampl. parameter setting
Whenever amplitudes (or levels) are displayed, on graphs or during parameter setting, this option determines the units in which they are shown. It also determines the default units used for setting amplitude parameters. You can set it to uV, mV, V, KV, or A/D units.
When setting an amplitude parameter, you can follow the number by one of the above unit specifiers, to override the current value. Actually, the specifiers “V” or “A/D” can be preceded by any of “a”, “f”, “p”, “n”, “u”, “m”, “K”, “M”, “G” or “T”, representing atto-, femto-, pico-, nano-, micro-, milli-, Kilo-, Mega-, Giga- or Tera-Volts or A/D units.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDUL | Sample units | mV |
| Page: 322 |
Parameter: Time units
Full name: Units for time period display
Parameter type: units (per or sec)
Initial value: ms
Affects: most analyses, time parameter setting
Whenever time values are displayed, on graphs or during parameter setting, this option determines the units in which they are shown. It also determines the default units used for setting time parameters. You can set it to usec, msec, sec, or periods. Periods refer to sampling periods at the sampling rate of the current run. For example, if the sampling rate is 10 KHz, then 1 period is 0.1 msec or 100 usec.
When setting a time parameter, you can follow the number by one of the above unit specifiers, to override the current value. Actually, the specifiers “sec” or “per” (or just “s” or “p”) can be preceded by any of “a”, “f”, “p”, “n”, “u”, “m”, “K”, “M”, “G” or “T”, representing atto-, femto-, pico-, nano-, micro-, milli-, Kilo-, Mega-, Giga- or Tera-seconds or periods.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDUT | Time units | msec |
| Page: 323 |
Parameter: W.F. Interpolation
Full name: Interpolate points in W.F.s for parm. setting
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: waveforms displayed when setting parameters visually
This option specifies whether linear interpolation should be performed on the waveforms displayed for visual parameter setting. If disabled, only the data points are shown. If enabled, the data points will be shown, and will be interconnected by line segments.
Note that large waveforms are displayed more quickly when interpolation is enabled, since the program can eliminate redundant points from the display.
Separate options, “Interpolation” and “Plot Interp.”, control interpolation for final displays of analyses, and for plotter output.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWI | W.F. Interpolation | Y |
| Page: 324 |
Parameter: Mark frame positions on W.F.
Full name: Mark frame positions on W.F. display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display, W.F. displayed when setting parameters visually
This option specifies whether frame trigger time markers should be show when waveforms are displayed for visual parameter setting. If enabled, marker dots will appear above the waveform, indicating the trigger times of all frames in the range displayed.
For the “Raw waveform display“, a trace (selected by the “Amplitude trace #“) will be displayed if this option is enabled. The top quarter of the display, or whatever is specified by the “Trace display height” parameter, will be used to display sweeps from this trace. The sweeps are displayed vertically, and the first point of each sweep is lined up with the time (on the waveforms below) at which the frame containing the sweep was triggered. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. If the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #” doesn’t exist, the frame positions are indicated, but no sweeps are shown.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWM | Mark frame positions on W.F. | N |
| Page: 325 |
Parameter: Display resolution
Full name: Horizontal resolution for W.F. display
Range: [ 0, 2 billion ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: most waveforms displayed when setting parameters visually
When displaying large waveforms on the screen, it is often time consuming and unnecessary to show them at their full resolution. This parameter determines the minimum number of data points which are to be displayed across the screen for any one section of the waveform. For example, with a specified value of 4000, if a waveform is shown in three sections, at least 12,000 points will be displayed in total. (The “Max W.F. section” parameter determines if and how the waveform will be displayed in sections.) Setting the resolution to 0 causes waveforms to be shown at the full resolution.
This parameter’s initial value used to be set to a default of 4000. As the performance of current systems no longer requires limiting the resolution to speed up the process of fetching and displaying waveforms, the initial value is now set to 0, so that waveforms display at full resolution by default.
Waveforms displayed for visually setting spike parameters are always shown at the full resolution, regardless of this parameter setting.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWR | Display resolution | 0 |
| Page: 326 |
Parameter: Max W.F. section
Full name: Maximum length of time per waveform section
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 5 sec
Affects: waveforms displayed when setting parameters visually
When displaying long waveforms on the screen, it is often necessary to display it in several sections, so that the data points are not too “scrunched” together. This parameter should be set to the maximum length of time that can be displayed in one continuous section, and still present useful visual information. Waveforms longer than this will be broken into sections, which will be displayed on the screen, stacked vertically. The trade-off is that vertical display resolution is lost as the number of sections increases.
For example, with a 5 second value for this parameter, a 12 second waveform would be displayed in 3 sections of 4 seconds each. One third of the display height would be used for each section. The resolution at which each section is displayed can be limited by setting the “Display resolution” parameter.
You can still use the pointing device to set parameters visually on one of these split screen displays: the program figures out which section you are pointing to based on the height of the cursor.
As the initial value for this parameter is not appropriate for very long runs (resulting in too many sections being displayed), the analysis program now calculates a larger initial value for this parameter when the run length exceeds 25 seconds, to limit the waveform display to 5 sections or less.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWT | Max W.F. section | 5000 msec |
| Page: 327 |
Parameter: Axes pen
Full name: Plotter pen # for axes and text
Range: [ 0, 8 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: HPGL output to file or plotter
This parameter determines which plotter pen will be used to draw most axes, labels, titles, ticks, grids, etc. It, and the related “Data pen” and “Marker pen” parameters are all initially set to the same number (1) to allow for quick single-colour plots.
Selecting pen number 0 suppresses plotting of those items.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PA | Axes pen | 1 |
| Page: 328 |
Parameter: Data pen
Full name: Plotter pen # for data points/lines
Range: [ 0, 8 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: HPGL output to file or plotter
This parameter determines which plotter pen will be used to draw the point, lines, symbols, etc. which represent the data points of the graph. It, and the related “Axes pen” and “Marker pen” parameters are all initially set to the same number (1) to allow for quick single-colour plots.
Selecting pen number 0 suppresses plotting of those items.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PD | Data pen | 1 |
| Page: 329 |
Parameter: Markers pen
Full name: Plotter pen # for marker symbols/lines
Range: [ 0, 8 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: HPGL output to file or plotter
This parameter determines which plotter pen will be used to draw marker lines or symbols which are sometimes added to the graph. It, and the related “Axes pen” and “Data pen” parameters are all initially set to the same number (1) to allow for quick single-colour plots.
Selecting pen number 0 suppresses plotting of those items.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PM | Markers pen | 1 |
| Page: 330 |
Parameter: Plot interp.
Full name: Linear interpolation for plotter output
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: HPGL output to file or plotter
This option specifies whether linear interpolation should be performed on the plotted data. If disabled, only the data points are plotted, as discrete dots, which can cause excessive pen wear. If enabled, the data points will be interconnected by line segments, allowing continuous pen motion.
A separate option, “Interpolation“, controls interpolation for the normal screen display. It is a separate option because it is common to want interpolation enabled for plotting, but not for the screen display.
If the “Extend interpolation” option is disabled, the program interpolates only between points that are shown on the graph, and completely ignores points that are clipped out because they are too high or too low. This may give certain graphs a very “broken” appearance. If both the “Plot Interp.” and the “Extend interpolation” options are enabled, then the program will perform partial interpolation between clipped points; line segments are drawn toward these points, up to the top or bottom of the graph.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PI | Plot interp. | Y |
| Page: 331 |
Parameter: Plot text
Full name: Text plotting mode for plotter output
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: HPGL output to file or plotter
If this option is disabled all text labels and titles on the graph are suppressed. The generated plot will not contain any text, leaving only the graphical elements (axes, ticks, data points, markers, etc.)
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PT | Plot text | Y |
| Page: 332 |
Parameter: Plot screen redraw
Full name: Screen redraw mode while plotting
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: screen display during HPGL output to file or plotter
Normally, the program displays on screen an approximation of the HPGL graphic output it is generating, showing you the effect of such options as “Plot interp.” and “Plot text“.
If this option is disabled, the screen will not be redrawn when plotting to a file or to the plotter.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PS | Plot screen redraw | Y |
| Page: 333 |
Parameter: Plot file
Full name: Plotter output file name
Parameter type: file name, Size: up to 127 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: destination of HPGL output
To plot to a file, specify the name of the file. No file name suffix is added automatically, but it is recommended that you add a suffix yourself, such as “.hp”. You will then be able to plot the file, at a later time, by invoking the “hardcopy” program, or you can use the “layout” program to add or change labels.
If the file does not exist, it will be created. If it does exist, its contents will be overwritten.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>PF | Plot file | ? |
| Page: 334 |
Parameter: Filter W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for data to be filtered
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: Filter operation
Set this parameter to the number of the waveform to be filtered. When you begin the filtering operation, from the “Go” item of the “Filter” menu, you will be prompted for the destination waveform number, which must be different from this one.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFW | Filter W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 335 |
Parameter: Filter cutoff freq.
Full name: Cutoff frequency of filter
Units: Hz
Range: [ 0 Hz, 1000000 Hz ]
Initial value: 0 Hz
Affects: Filter operation
Set this parameter to the cutoff frequency of the digital filter. The program limits the cutoff frequency to 1/3 of the sampling rate of the waveform, to avoid the “ringing” caused by too high a cutoff frequency.
If set to zero, the actual filter will be disabled, but the other processing performed by the “Filter” operation will still occur. This is useful if you want to clip or rectify a waveform without actually filtering it.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFC | Filter cutoff freq. | 0 Hz |
| Page: 336 |
Parameter: Filter gain factor
Full name: Amplification factor (gain) of filter
Range: [ -10000, 10000 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: Filter operation
Low-pass filtering removes high frequency noise from the signal, including the noise from quantisation error when digitising a weak signal. However, if the signal amplitude is still small, the quantisation error is reintroduced when the signal is stored in the waveform file after filtering.
By setting this parameter, you can change the gain factor of the digital filter to boost the signal strength, minimising the effect of quantisation error reintroduced when storing the filtered signal. It does nothing, however, for any of the original quantisation error still in the signal after filtering. This amplification is particularly useful if you are going to differentiate the resulting signal. A negative gain will invert the signal, but not the scaling of the signal.
The program checks this gain to prevent overflow of the signal. It does this by checking against the “Min window discr.” and “Max window discr.” parameters, which you must set to the range of levels you want to keep in the signal.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFA | Filter gain factor | 1 |
| Page: 337 |
Parameter: Sample rate divisor
Full name: Sampling rate divisor
Range: [ 1, 32767 ]
Initial value: 1
Affects: Filter operation
After low-pass filtering, you may not have to keep the waveform at its original resolution. To lower the resolution, set this parameter to some integer value which will divide the waveform’s sampling rate. For example, if you set it to 10, nine tenths of the resulting points are discarded.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFD | Sample rate divisor | 1 |
| Page: 338 |
Parameter: Highpass filtering
Full name: Perform highpass filtering, rather than lowpass
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Filter operation
Normally, the filter performs low-pass filtering, or notch filtering if the “Notch filtering” option is enabled. Enable this option to perform high-pass filtering. It will override the “Notch filtering” option if both are enabled, so you must disable “Highpass filtering” to perform notch filtering, or disable both to perform the default low-pass filtering.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFH | Highpass filtering | N |
| Page: 339 |
Parameter: Rectify before filtering
Full name: Full-wave rectify signal before filtering it
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Filter operation
To obtain the linear envelope of a signal, you have to full-wave rectify the signal, then low-pass filter it with a relatively low cutoff frequency. To do this, enable this option, set the “Rectifier baseline” parameter, and the filtering parameters.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFR | Rectify before filtering | N |
| Page: 340 |
Parameter: Rectifier baseline
Full name: Baseline level for full-wave rectification
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: -32768 A/D
Affects: Filter operation
To obtain the linear envelope of a signal, you have to full-wave rectify the signal, then low-pass filter it with a relatively low cutoff frequency. To do this, enable the “Rectify before filtering” option, set this parameter to the level where the signal is to be “folded over” by full-wave rectification, and set the filtering parameters.
This parameter can be set visually, using the pointing device to set the level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFB | Rectifier baseline | -32768 AD |
| Page: 341 |
Parameter: Min window discr.
Full name: Filter window discriminator- minimum level allowed
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: -32768 A/D
Affects: Filter operation
Before filtering, you may want to clip out spikes from the signal. Set the “Min window discr.” and “Max window discr.” parameters to the range of levels you want to keep in the signal. All data points in the waveform that are out of this range will be rejected, and replaced with the last valid point.
You also have to set this range, even if not clipping, if you have set the “Filter gain factor” to anything other than 1.
These parameters can be set visually, using the pointing device to set the levels.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFL | Min window discr. | -32768 AD |
| Page: 342 |
Parameter: Max window discr.
Full name: Filter window discriminator- maximum level allowed
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 32767 A/D
Affects: Filter operation
Before filtering, you may want to clip out spikes from the signal. Set the “Min window discr.” and “Max window discr.” parameters to the range of levels you want to keep in the signal. All data points in the waveform that are out of this range will be rejected, and replaced with the last valid point.
You also have to set this range, even if not clipping, if you have set the “Filter gain factor” to anything other than 1.
These parameters can be set visually, using the pointing device to set the levels.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFU | Max window discr. | 32767 AD |
| Page: 343 |
Parameter: Zero-lag filtering
Full name: Zero-lag (two pass) filtering
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Filter operation
Use the Zero-lag selection to select whether or not you want “zero-lag” (two pass) filtering to be performed. The filtering algorithm used is a version of the “Second-order, zero-lag Butterworth filter”, but you can select whether or not the reverse pass is to be performed. If only the forward pass is made, phase-shift distortion will be introduced. If you select “zero-lag” filtering, it will take twice as long, but the reverse pass will eliminate the phase-shift. In either case, end-point extrapolation is used to start off the filter; points equal to the average of the first few points (and of the last few points) of the waveform are temporarily prepended (and appended) to the waveform.
By disabling this option, you suppress the reverse pass of the filtering algorithm, which cancels out the phase-shift distortion of the filter’s forward pass. If you don’t care about this phase-shift, suppressing the reverse pass will make the filter run twice as fast.
Note that when used with a low cutoff frequency, the reverse pass of zero-lag filtering can actually cause some smearing of the signal such that the onset of activity appears to occur before it actually does in the original signal. Because of the potential for erroneous results in your analysis that can be introduced by this, the Zero-lag option is now turned off by default. If you turn it on, use care to watch for and avoid such distortion of your signal, particularly when filtering aggressively.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFZ | Zero-lag filtering | N |
| Page: 344 |
Parameter: Blanking W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for data to be blanked
Range: [ 0, 99 ]
Initial value: 2
Affects: Blanking operation
Set this parameter to the number of the waveform to be blanked. When you begin the blanking operation, from the “Go” item of the “Blanking” menu, you will be prompted for the destination waveform number, which must be different from this one.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MBN | Blanking W.F. # | 2 |
| Page: 345 |
Parameter: Blanking delay
Full name: Delay to window for W.F. blanking
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: -1 msec
Affects: Blanking operation
This parameter specifies the time (positive or negative) from the start of a spike on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“, to the start of the associated blanking interval.
You must also set the “Blanking window” to indicate the length of the blanking interval.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MBD | Blanking delay | -1 msec |
| Page: 346 |
Parameter: Blanking window
Full name: Window duration for W.F. blanking
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 3 msec
Affects: Blanking operation
This parameter specifies the length of the blanking interval triggered by each spike on the waveform selected by the “Spike W.F. #“.
You must also set the “Blanking delay” to indicate when the interval starts, before or after the spike.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MBW | Blanking window | 3 msec |
| Page: 347 |
Parameter: Partial W.F. resolution
Full name: Use partial display resolution on W.F. display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
If this option is enabled, the resolution of waveforms displayed will be limited to that specified by the “Display resolution” parameter. If it is disabled, or if the resolution is set to 0, then waveforms are displayed at their full resolution.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWP | Partial W.F. resolution | N |
| Page: 348 |
Parameter: # of deleted sections
Full name: Number of sections (ranges) deleted from run
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all analyses
This parameter is not entered directly, but rather is changed whenever you delete sections from the run (add sections to the list), or re-insert sections (delete from the list).
Sections are deleted from the run visually, by placing markers on the displayed waveform indicating the ranges of time to be excluded from analysis. This is used when simply setting the “Start of run” and “End of run” won’t exclude all the parts of the run than cannot be analysed.
These deleted sections are not physically removed from your run, but rather they are excluded from the analysis. How these sections are excluded varies from one analysis method to another, and may depend on your parameter settings. For example, for raw or averaged W.F. amplitude vs step cycle, W.F. activity start & stop time analysis, W.F. L.D.P. level vs cycle duration, and for any graph of something vs spike occurrence, entire cycles will be excluded if any portion of these cycles falls in a deleted section. For graphs of W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration, any burst with a deleted portion will be left out.
Most other analyses will only exclude the portions they need, on a sample-by-sample or sweep-by-sweep basis, if they fall in a deleted section. Any analysis using traces, and all waveform averages, will delete sweeps if their associated “Phase selection window” falls in a deleted section. Analyses using W.F. level measurements falling in the “W.F. amplitude window” will not take these measurements if any portion of this window is deleted.
Action potentials will be deleted individually if they fall in a deleted section, but some action potential analyses make use of waveform levels or use spike occurrence on the X axis, so the conditions above may apply. Finally, any spike interval or frequency graph will exclude any interval which overlaps, even partially, with a deleted section.
The Raw waveform display will show you the deleted sections as crossed-out boxes, if you have the “Display crossings” and “Display both crossings” options enabled.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SRD | # of deleted sections | 0 |
| Page: 349 |
Parameter: Flip L.D.P. and duration
Full name: Flip around L.D.P. and duration on X and Y axes
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. L.D.P. level vs cycle duration
If the “Flip L.D.P. and duration” option is enabled, the usual X and Y axes are transposed, giving you a graph of cycle duration versus L.D.P. amplitude. If the “Flip L.D.P. and duration” option and the “Show time on X-axis” option are both enabled, the graph becomes one of cycle duration versus time of cycle occurrence.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMLF | Flip L.D.P. and duration | N |
| Page: 350 |
Parameter: Show time on X-axis
Full name: Show cycle start times on X, not cycle durations
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. L.D.P. level vs cycle duration
If the “Show time on X-axis” option is enabled, the usual X-axis is overridden by the cycle start times. In other words, the graph becomes one of L.D.P. amplitude versus time of cycle occurrence in the run.
If the “Flip L.D.P. and duration” option is enabled, the usual X and Y axes are transposed, giving you a graph of cycle duration versus L.D.P. amplitude. If the “Flip L.D.P. and duration” option and the “Show time on X-axis” option are both enabled, the graph becomes one of cycle duration versus time of cycle occurrence.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMLT | Show time on X-axis | N |
| Page: 351 |
Parameter: Average trace ampl. ref.
Full name: Average points in trace reference window
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
This parameter tells the program whether to calculate the average level in the “Trace ampl. ref window“, rather than searching for a maximum level or a minimum level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWA | Average trace ampl. ref. | N |
| Page: 352 |
Parameter: Average second trace ampl. ref.
Full name: Average points in second trace reference window
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
This parameter tells the program whether to calculate the average level in the “Second trace ampl. ref window”, rather than searching for a maximum level or a minimum level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWA | Average second trace ampl. ref. | N |
| Page: 353 |
Parameter: Calculate overlap
Full name: Calculate & show overlapping W.F. activity
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
This parameter tells the program whether to calculate the total amount of time in which the activity on each waveform overlaps with activity on the waveform selected by the “Cycle W.F. #“. This amount is shown as a percentage of the total “on” time of these cycles, on the line above each waveform in the “Raw waveform display“. The activity for each waveform is measured from the cycle activity bursts, if these have been set for this waveform, or the spike activity trains otherwise. If neither is set, the line will remain blank.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWO | Calculate overlap | N |
| Page: 354 |
Parameter: Percent of cycle active
Full name: Percent of normalized cycle which is active
Range: [ 0, 100 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all analyses that use normalized step cycles
This parameter controls separate normalization of active and inactive phases of cycles. If set between 1 and 100, it determines which percentage of the normalized cycle will represent the active phase of cycles analysed, with the remaining percentage for the inactive phase. If set to 0, active and inactive phases are not separated, and cycles are scaled linearly regardless of where activity ends within each cycle.
This parameter only affects analyses in which normalization is performed, and has no effect otherwise. Normalization can be disabled for graphs using the “Normalization” option, but cycles are always normalized for trace or waveform averages based on cycle phase.
If you also set the “Base cycle selection on stop time” parameter, then the roles of the start and end markers are reversed, and the analysis will treat the inactive phase as the active phase. Thus, you can get around the restriction on the value of 0 percent, by setting it to 100 percent and using stop time to trigger cycles, to get an analysis consisting entirely of the inactive phase.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SCP | Percent of cycle active | 0 |
| Page: 355 |
Parameter: Phase selection delay
Full name: Delay for cycle phase selection
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0 p
Affects: all trace analyses and waveform averages
The parameters “Phase selection delay” and “Phase selection window” indicate a range of points, relative to the time of some event which triggers the inclusion of a sample or sweep in the analysis. This range of points must fall entirely within a specific phase in order for this event to be included in the analysis. The positive or negative delay is an offset from the time of the event, and the window is the total length of this selection range.
For example, if you set this delay to -5 ms, and this window to 10 ms, for “W.F. averaging – spikes within cycle“, then only spikes that fall well within a given bin in the cycle, plus or minus 5 ms, will be added to that bin. This is to avoid events that would span the boundary between two bins, whose inclusion would be ambiguous or incorrect.
Similarly, for “Trace averaging based on W.F. level“, with the option “Active cycle phase only” enabled, you could set this delay and window to be the same as that used to capture the triggered traces, so only frames which fall entirely within the active phase of the cycle will be included. If that is too restrictive, you can set them to a certain relevant or critical subset of the frame window, to be assured that at least that subset always falls entirely in the active phase.
By default, only the trigger time must fall in the active phase, and only the trigger time determines which bin a frame falls in. Note that setting the window to a large value will exclude a lot of data from your analysis, and that this parameter affects a large number of different analysis methods.
For analyses that don’t split up cycle phases, this phase window is simply used to determine whether a sweep (either a frame of triggered data or a waveform portion for a waveform average) falls in a deleted section of the run.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SCID | Phase selection delay | 0 msec |
| Page: 356 |
Parameter: Phase selection window
Full name: Window for cycle phase selection
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 p
Affects: all trace analyses and waveform averages
The parameters “Phase selection delay” and “Phase selection window” indicate a range of points, relative to the time of some event which triggers the inclusion of a sample or sweep in the analysis. This range of points must fall entirely within a specific phase in order for this event to be included in the analysis. The positive or negative delay is an offset from the time of the event, and the window is the total length of this selection range.
For example, if you set this delay to -5 ms, and this window to 10 ms, for “W.F. averaging – spikes within cycle“, then only spikes that fall well within a given bin in the cycle, plus or minus 5 ms, will be added to that bin. This is to avoid events that would span the boundary between two bins, whose inclusion would be ambiguous or incorrect.
Similarly, for “Trace averaging based on W.F. level“, with the option “Active cycle phase only” enabled, you could set this delay and window to be the same as that used to capture the triggered traces, so only frames which fall entirely within the active phase of the cycle will be included. If that is too restrictive, you can set them to a certain relevant or critical subset of the frame window, to be assured that at least that subset always falls entirely in the active phase.
By default, only the trigger time must fall in the active phase, and only the trigger time determines which bin a frame falls in. Note that setting the window to a large value will exclude a lot of data from your analysis, and that this parameter affects a large number of different analysis methods.
For analyses that don’t split up cycle phases, this phase window is simply used to determine whether a sweep (either a frame of triggered data or a waveform portion for a waveform average) falls in a deleted section of the run.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SCIW | Phase selection window | 0.1 msec |
| Page: 357 |
Parameter: Absolute time scale
Full name: Display time scale in absolute units, not relative to start
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
If the “Absolute time scale” option is enabled, the X axis time scale will show absolute time within the run, starting at the “Start of run” value. If disabled, as it is by default, the time scale will be relative to the start time, and begin at 0.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWA | Absolute time scale | N |
| Page: 358 |
Parameter: Overlay W.F. #
Full name: Waveform # for signal to be overlayed during W.F. parameter setting
Range: [ -1, 99 ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: waveforms displayed when setting parameters visually
Set this parameter to the number of the waveform to be overlayed on the display, when setting waveform parameters visually. This allows two waveforms to be shown simultaneously, to aid in setting time parameters. The waveform selected by this parameter will be shown using the marker colour, while the waveform for which you are setting waveform parameters will appear in the usual axes colour.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWO | Overlay W.F. # | ? |
| Page: 359 |
Parameter: Trace ampl. ref. regression degree
Full name: Polynomial degree for regression in trace reference window
Range: [ -1, 20 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
This parameter tells the program whether to calculate a sloped reference level in the “Trace ampl. ref window“, rather than searching for a maximum level or a minimum level, or calculating a flat average level. Curvilinear regression can be performed by setting this parameter to the degree desired: 0 for no regression, 1 for linear regression, 2 for quadratic, etc. (up to 20). A regression line or curve will be calculated as the reference level for each frame, and this sloped line or curve will be subtracted from any amplitude measurements taken in that frame.
If the degree is set to -1, a linear slope is taken between the two endpoints of the reference range, ignoring points in between.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWD | Trace ampl. ref. regression degree | 0 |
| Page: 360 |
Parameter: Second trace ampl. ref. regr. degree
Full name: Polynomial degree for regression in second trace reference window
Range: [ -1, 20 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: Y-axis of Y-vs-X trace amplitude graphs
This parameter tells the program whether to calculate a sloped reference level in the “Second trace ampl. ref window”, rather than searching for a maximum level or a minimum level, or calculating a flat average level. Curvilinear regression can be performed by setting this parameter to the degree desired: 0 for no regression, 1 for linear regression, 2 for quadratic, etc. (up to 20). A regression line or curve will be calculated as the reference level for each frame, and this sloped line or curve will be subtracted from any amplitude measurements taken in that frame.
If the degree is set to -1, a linear slope is taken between the two endpoints of the reference range, ignoring points in between.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWD | Second trace ampl. ref. regr. degree | 0 |
| Page: 361 |
Parameter: Min W.F. time scale
Full name: Minimum length of time scale for waveform display
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: Raw waveform display
When displaying a short section of a run using the “Raw waveform display“, it may be desirable to force the time scale to a larger amount, so that results from one analysis can be shown next to another, longer section from another analysis, and still have a consistent time scale. This parameter should be set to the biggest length of time that will be displayed in a series of analyses.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SWT | Min W.F. time scale | 0 msec |
| Page: 362 |
Parameter: Last trace only
Full name: Show only last trace in range horizontally above W.F. display
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Raw waveform display
For the “Raw waveform display“, a trace (selected by the “Amplitude trace #“) will be displayed if this option is enabled. The top quarter of the display, or whatever is specified by the “Trace display height” parameter, will be used to display a sweep from this trace. Only the last sweep occurring in the analysis range will be displayed (horizontally), and a tick mark is shown below the sweep, lined up with the time (on the waveforms below) at which the frame containing the sweep was triggered. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. If the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #” doesn’t exist, the frame position is indicated, but no sweep is shown.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWL | Last trace only | N |
| Page: 363 |
Parameter: Trace display height
Full name: Percent of raw W.F. display height used for traces
Range: [ 0, 100 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: Raw waveform display
This parameter controls the amount of display height in the “Raw waveform display” which is used at the top for the display of traces. If set between 1 and 100, it determines which percentage of the display height is used, with the remaining percentage used below for all the waveforms. If set to 0, traces will only be displayed if the “Last trace only” or “Mark frame positions on W.F.” option is enabled, and 25% of the display will be used for the traces in this case.
The sweeps are displayed vertically, unless the “Last trace only” option is enabled, and the first point of each sweep is lined up with the time (on the waveforms below) at which the frame containing the sweep was triggered. Deleted frames, and frames whose tag values are not in the “Tag list” are excluded. If the trace selected by the “Amplitude trace #” doesn’t exist, the frame positions are indicated, but no sweeps are shown.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWH | Trace display height | 0 |
| Page: 364 |
Parameter: Plot pens for W.Fs.
Full name: Plotter pen assignments for raw W.F. display
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 79 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: Raw waveform display
This parameter allows you to override the “Data Pen” for specific waveforms in the “Raw waveform display“. If set, it consists of one or more “wflist = penlist” assignments, separated by semicolons. The “wflist” is a list of waveform numbers, much like the “Raw W.F. # list” parameter, and the “penlist” is a list of plotter pen numbers.
A list consists of waveform or pen numbers separated by a single comma, or by one or more spaces. A range can be given as two numbers separated by a hyphen or colon. For example:
0, 11,13-15 4 7:10
would select waveforms 0, 11, 13, 14, 15, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10, in that order. Repetitions are allowed in either list, but the last pen number assigned to a given waveform number is the one that is used. If the penlist is shorter than the corresponding wflist, the penlist will be reused as many times as needed. For example, “1=4;4-7=5-8;8-10=4-6;0=7” and “1,4-10,0 = 4-8” are equivalent. In the simplest case, the penlist is a single number, causing that pen number to be used for all the waveforms to which it is assigned.
You can also use the word “All” for either list, meaning all waveform numbers or all pen numbers in ascending order. Finally, the “wflist” and “=” sign can be omitted, implying “All =”, so if you simply give a list of pen numbers, they are assigned to all waveforms in ascending order of waveform number. No more than 16 numbers can be given in any list.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDWP | Plot pens for W.Fs. | “” |
| Page: 365 |
Parameter: Blank averaged window
Full name: Subtract out averaged window for W.F. blanking
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Blanking operation
This option changes the way waveform blanking is performed. When it’s disabled, as by default, the blanking interval is blanked by setting all samples to the last valid sample before the interval began. When this option is enabled, all occurrences of the blanking interval are averaged, to produce a template of the artifact you want to blank out. This template, or average, is then subtracted from each blanking interval in the waveform.
You must also set the “Blanking window” to indicate the length of the blanking interval.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MBA | Blank averaged window | N |
| Page: 366 |
Parameter: Average trace ampl. sample
Full name: Average (find mean of) points in sample window
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
When this parameter is set to N, as it is initially, the program searches the “Trace ampl. point window” (if one is specified) for a maximum or minimum level. This is repeated for every frame included in the graph.
If you set it to Y, then the program calculates the mean of the points in that range instead. For each frame, the reference level is determined first, in the usual way. Then the program takes every point in the “Trace ampl. point window” and subtracts the reference level. The sum of these differences, divided by the number of points, is taken as the sample value for the frame.
Note that the “Trace ampl. integration“, if set, will override this parameter and the sum will not be divided to get a mean.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLTWM | Average trace ampl. sample | N |
| Page: 367 |
Parameter: Average second trace ampl. sample
Full name: Average (find mean of) points in second sample window
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: all trace amplitude graphs
When this parameter is set to N, as it is initially, the program searches the “Second trace ampl. point window” (if one is specified) for a maximum or minimum level. This is repeated for every frame included in the graph.
If you set it to Y, then the program calculates the mean of the points in that range instead. For each frame, the reference level is determined first, in the usual way. Then the program takes every point in the “Second trace ampl. point window” and subtracts the reference level. The sum of these differences, divided by the number of points, is taken as the sample value for the frame.
Note that the “Second trace ampl. integration“, if set, will override this parameter and the sum will not be divided to get a mean.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SLSTWM | Average second trace ampl. sample | N |
| Page: 368 |
Parameter: Round out scale bars
Full name: Rounding out of min/max on scale bars for graph axes
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: all graphs
When this option is enabled, the “Auto scale” feature will round up the maximum and round down the minimum values for the X and Y axes of a graph to the next tick mark spacing, to ensure that the scale bars for both axes begin and end with tick marks.
Note that this only applies to the analysis methods that produce X-Y graphs, and not to trace and waveform averages or raw waveform displays.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SDSR | Round out scale bars | Y |
| Page: 369 |
Parameter: Second W.F. bursts
Full name: Use second W.F. for end of burst measurements
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
When this option is enabled, the end of burst durations or train durations are taken from the cycle activity recorded in the waveform parameters of a second waveform, selected by the “Second ampl. W.F. #“. Either the start or end of the burst is used, depending on the “Burst duration type” selected. If the “Second W.F. trains” option is also selected, it overrides this one, so the trains are used instead of the cycle activity for the second waveform.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBSC | Second W.F. bursts | N |
| Page: 370 |
Parameter: Second W.F. trains
Full name: Use second W.F. for end of train measurements
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
When this option is enabled, the end of burst durations or train durations are taken from the spike trains recorded in the waveform parameters of a second waveform, selected by the “Second ampl. W.F. #“. Either the start or end of the burst is used, depending on the “Burst duration type” selected. This option overrides the “Second W.F. bursts” option, so if both are selected, the trains are used instead of the cycle activity for the second waveform.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>SMBST | Second W.F. trains | N |
| Page: 371 |
Parameter: Second W.F. activity
Full name: Second waveform activity
Parameter type: waveform parameters
Initial value: not set
Affects: W.F. activity burst or spike train duration vs cycle duration
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR> | Second W.F. activity | ? |
| Page: 372 |
Parameter: Notch filtering
Full name: Perform notch filtering, rather than lowpass
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: N
Affects: Filter operation
Normally, the filter performs low-pass filtering. Enable this option to perform notch filtering instead. Note that the option for “Highpass filtering” will override this one, so it should be disabled if you want to enable notch filtering.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>MFN | Notch filtering | N |
| Page: 401 |
Waveform Parameter: Cycle activity name
Full name: Name for waveform cycle activity
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 63 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: title on most graphs that use cycle activity markers
If this string is set, it will appear on the top or bottom title line of most graphs that use this waveform’s cycle activity markers. If not, some name will be generated automatically.
It can be cleared by setting it to a single space.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCN | Cycle activity name | “” |
| Page: 402 |
Waveform Parameter: Cycle threshold
Full name: Threshold for start of waveform cycle activity
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: automatic generation of cycle activity markers
When the associated waveform is scanned for cycle activity, the cycle measurement is controlled by the “Cycle threshold“, “Cycle hysteresis“, and “Cycle crossing delay“. Cycle activity starts when the waveform rises above the threshold, and ends when it falls below the hysteresis level. Each half-cycle (active phase or inactive phase) must be at least as long as the “Cycle crossing delay“.
The hysteresis is actually a displacement from the threshold, and will usually be negative (below the threshold), for detection of positive going activity. If it is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going activity, which falls below the threshold, then rises up above the hysteresis level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCS | Cycle threshold | 0 mV |
| Page: 403 |
Waveform Parameter: Cycle hysteresis
Full name: Hysteresis for end of waveform cycle activity
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 0 A/D
Affects: automatic generation of cycle activity markers
When the associated waveform is scanned for cycle activity, the cycle measurement is controlled by the “Cycle threshold“, “Cycle hysteresis“, and “Cycle crossing delay“. Cycle activity starts when the waveform rises above the threshold, and ends when it falls below the hysteresis level. Each half-cycle (active phase or inactive phase) must be at least as long as the “Cycle crossing delay“.
The hysteresis is actually a displacement from the threshold, and will usually be negative (below the threshold), for detection of positive going activity. If it is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going activity, which falls below the threshold, then rises up above the hysteresis level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCE | Cycle hysteresis | 0 mV |
| Page: 404 |
Waveform Parameter: Cycle crossing delay
Full name: Minimum delay between cycle threshold crossings
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: automatic generation of cycle activity markers
When the associated waveform is scanned for cycle activity, the cycle measurement is controlled by the “Cycle threshold“, “Cycle hysteresis“, and “Cycle crossing delay“. Cycle activity starts when the waveform rises above the threshold, and ends when it falls below the hysteresis level. Each half-cycle (active phase or inactive phase) must be at least as long as the “Cycle crossing delay“.
After each positive or negative crossing, the program jumps ahead in the waveform, by the amount indicated by this parameter, before scanning for a crossing in the other direction. This is to avoid small ripples in the signal being treated as cycles themselves. If the “Strict triggering” option is enabled, crossings may be ignored if the signal is on the wrong side of the threshold after the program has jumped ahead.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCD | Cycle crossing delay | 0 msec |
| Page: 405 |
Waveform Parameter: Strict triggering
Full name: Strict trigger mode for cycle selection
Parameter type: Y or N
Initial value: Y
Affects: automatic generation of cycle activity markers
This option determines what action the program takes after finding a threshold crossing, and jumping ahead in the waveform by the “Cycle crossing delay“. If at this point, the signal is on the wrong side of the threshold (above after a negative crossing, or below after a positive crossing), the program will ignore the last crossing if this option is enabled.
If this option is disabled, the rules are relaxed, and all crossings are used.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCT | Strict triggering | N |
| Page: 406 |
Waveform Parameter: Min. cycle discriminator
Full name: Minimum level shown for cycle selection
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: -32768 A/D
Affects: waveform display for cycle activity marking
The “Min. cycle discriminator” and “Max. cycle discriminator” parameters are used to define a range of levels to accept from the waveform, when it is fetched and displayed for cycle activity marking. Any point which goes above the “Max.” or below the “Min.” will be rejected, and replaced by the last valid data value. This allows you to focus in on the range of interest, and ignore any large spikes the waveform may contain.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCLL | Min. cycle discriminator | 0 mV |
| Page: 407 |
Waveform Parameter: Max. cycle discriminator
Full name: Maximum level shown for cycle selection
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32768 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 32767 A/D
Affects: waveform display for cycle activity marking
The “Min. cycle discriminator” and “Max. cycle discriminator” parameters are used to define a range of levels to accept from the waveform, when it is fetched and displayed for cycle activity marking. Any point which goes above the “Max.” or below the “Min.” will be rejected, and replaced by the last valid data value. This allows you to focus in on the range of interest, and ignore any large spikes the waveform may contain.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCLU | Max. cycle discriminator | 0 mV |
| Page: 408 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike activity name
Full name: Name for waveform spike activity
Parameter type: character string, Size: up to 63 characters
Initial value: not set
Affects: title on most graphs that use spike activity markers
If this string is set, it will appear on the top or bottom title line of most graphs that use this waveform’s spike activity markers. If not, some name will be generated automatically.
It can be cleared by setting it to a single space.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSN | Spike activity name | “” |
| Page: 409 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike threshold
Full name: Threshold for start of waveform spike activity
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all W.F. spike analyses, automatic generation of spike activity markers
When the associated waveform is searched for spikes, the spike measurement is controlled by the “Spike threshold“, “Spike hysteresis“, and “Spike discriminator“. Any spike that crosses the threshold, does not exceed the discriminator level, and falls below the hysteresis, is treated as a valid spike.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSS | Spike threshold | 0 mV |
| Page: 410 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike hysteresis
Full name: Hysteresis for end of waveform spike activity
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: 0 A/D
Affects: all W.F. spike analyses, automatic generation of spike activity markers
When the associated waveform is searched for spikes, the spike measurement is controlled by the “Spike threshold“, “Spike hysteresis“, and “Spike discriminator“. Any spike that crosses the threshold, does not exceed the discriminator level, and falls below the hysteresis, is treated as a valid spike.
The hysteresis is actually a displacement from the threshold, and will usually be negative (below the threshold), for detection of positive going spikes. If it is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going spikes, which fall below the threshold, but not below the discriminator, then rise up above the hysteresis level.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSE | Spike hysteresis | 0 mV |
| Page: 411 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike discriminator
Full name: Window discriminator for W.F. spike analysis
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: all W.F. spike analyses, automatic generation of spike activity markers
When the associated waveform is searched for spikes, the spike measurement is controlled by the “Spike threshold“, “Spike hysteresis“, and “Spike discriminator“. Any spike that crosses the threshold, does not exceed the discriminator level, and falls below the hysteresis, is treated as a valid spike. Spikes which exceed this discriminator level are rejected.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSD | Spike discriminator | 0 mV |
| Page: 412 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike train gap
Full name: Minimum gap between trains of waveform spikes
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 200 ms
Affects: automatic generation of spike activity markers
When setting spike trains automatically, this parameter determines how to separate spike trains. If two consecutive spikes are closer together than this gap, they are taken as part of the same spike train. If two spikes are farther apart than this gap, the first is taken as the end of one spike train, and the other is taken as the start of the next train.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSTG | Spike train gap | 0 msec |
| Page: 413 |
Waveform Parameter: Min. interval between spikes
Full name: Minimum possible time between two successive spikes
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 1 ms
Affects: verification of single-unit spike data
This parameter specifies how close two distinct spikes can be to each other. After setting a single-unit data set, the program checks all spikes in it against all other single-unit data sets. If any spikes are closer than this amount of time to each other, they are assumed to be the same spike in more than one data set, and the program warns you of this conflict.
The reason two slightly different trigger times can be considered as identifying the same spike is that separate single-unit can be set using different thresholds. Any spike that crosses both can potentially wind up in both data sets. The trigger times may not be identical, though, since the spike may cross one threshold later than another.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUOM | Min. interval between spikes | 0 msec |
| Page: 414 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike display window size
Full name: Window duration for spike display
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 15 ms
Affects: expanded display of single-unit spike data
To help you visually identify different spikes in a waveform by their shape, the program shows an expanded view of the spikes. The “Spike display window size” selects the total time displayed across the screen’s X axis, and the “Spike display window delay” selects the time (positive or negative) at which the spike display begins, relative to the spike trigger time.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUOW | Spike display window size | 0 msec |
| Page: 415 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike display window delay
Full name: Delay to start of window for spike display
Units: sec or per
Range: [ -2 gp, 2 gp ]
Initial value: -5 ms
Affects: expanded display of single-unit spike data
To help you visually identify different spikes in a waveform by their shape, the program shows an expanded view of the spikes. The “Spike display window size” selects the total time displayed across the screen’s X axis, and the “Spike display window delay” selects the time (positive or negative) at which the spike display begins, relative to the spike trigger time. The delay should be negative, so you can see the signal a little before the actual onset of the spike.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUOD | Spike display window delay | 0 msec |
| Page: 416 |
Waveform Parameter: Second spike discriminator
Full name: Window discriminator for end of W.F. spike (AHP)
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
Unlike the first “Spike discriminator” parameter, which rejects spikes that are too high, the second discriminator checks how far the spike recoils in the other direction after the initial peak (i.e. the strength of the AHP following the action potential). The signal is scanned from the spike onset, through to its fall below the “Spike baseline“, and up until it rises above the baseline again. If it dips below this discriminator level at any time, the spike is rejected.
If the hysteresis is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going spikes. In this case, the concepts of “rise” and “fall” are reversed, so the discriminator selects the maximum allowed recoil height, rather than the minimum.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUD | Second spike discriminator | 0 mV |
| Page: 417 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike baseline
Full name: Baseline W.F. level where spikes start and end
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
It selects the baseline level at which the signal usually returns after a spike. The spike is considered to end once the signal returns to baseline. The time from onset to baseline crossing is taken to be the width of the spike.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUB | Spike baseline | 0 mV |
| Page: 418 |
Waveform Parameter: Min. spike width
Full name: Minimum allowed time between spike onset and fall to baseline
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 0.1 ms
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
The signal is scanned from the spike onset, through to its fall below the “Spike baseline“. The time from onset to baseline crossing is taken to be the width of the spike.
If the calculated spike width is less than the “Min. spike width” or greater than the “Max. spike width“, the spike is rejected.
If the hysteresis is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going spikes. In this case, the concepts of “rise” and “fall” are reversed, so the spike ends when it rises above the baseline.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUWL | Min. spike width | 0 msec |
| Page: 419 |
Waveform Parameter: Max. spike width
Full name: Maximum allowed time between spike onset and fall to baseline
Units: sec or per
Range: [ 0, 2 gp ]
Initial value: 4 ms
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
The signal is scanned from the spike onset, through to its fall below the “Spike baseline“. The time from onset to baseline crossing is taken to be the width of the spike.
If the calculated spike width is less than the “Min. spike width” or greater than the “Max. spike width“, the spike is rejected.
If the hysteresis is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going spikes. In this case, the concepts of “rise” and “fall” are reversed, so the spike ends when it rises above the baseline.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUWU | Max. spike width | 0 msec |
| Page: 420 |
Waveform Parameter: Min. area under spike (A/D sum)
Full name: Minimum allowed area under spike from onset to baseline (A/D sum)
Range: [ 0, 2 billion ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
The signal is summed up from the spike onset, up to its baseline crossing. This sum represents the area under the spike. The sum is of displacements relative to baseline, and is positive even for negative-going spikes.
If the calculated area is less than the “Min. area under spike” or greater than the “Max. area under spike”, the spike is rejected.
When this parameter is set visually, its value is shown not only as a sum of A/D displacements, but also in millivolt-seconds.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUSL | Min. area under spike (A/D sum) | 0 |
| Page: 421 |
Waveform Parameter: Max. area under spike (A/D sum)
Full name: Maximum allowed area under spike from onset to baseline (A/D sum)
Range: [ 0, 2 billion ]
Initial value: 2 billion
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
The signal is summed up from the spike onset, up to its baseline crossing. This sum represents the area under the spike. The sum is of displacements relative to baseline, and is positive even for negative-going spikes.
If the calculated area is less than the “Min. area under spike” or greater than the “Max. area under spike”, the spike is rejected.
When this parameter is set visually, its value is shown not only as a sum of A/D displacements, but also in millivolt-seconds.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUSU | Max. area under spike (A/D sum) | 0 |
| Page: 422 |
Waveform Parameter: Single-unit data set #
Full name: Number of single-unit waveform spike data set to use
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all W.F. spike analyses, automatic generation of spike activity markers
This parameter selects the single-unit data set to be modified by the “Automatic” or “Manual” selections, or to be used in any W.F. spike analysis on the current waveform. The data sets are numbered starting at 1.
It can be set to a number greater by 1 than the number of single-unit data sets currently present in this waveform’s parameters. Then, the “Automatic” selection will create a new single-unit data set, rather than modifying an existing set.
If this parameter is set to 0, the program will not use any of the single-unit data sets in the waveform parameter file, but will instead include in the analysis all spikes selected by the current “Spike threshold“, “Spike hysteresis” and “Spike discriminator“.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUN | Single-unit data set # | 0 |
| Page: 423 |
Waveform Parameter: # of single-unit data sets
Full name: Number of single-unit waveform spike data sets in run
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all W.F. spike analyses, automatic generation of spike activity markers
This parameter is not entered directly, but rather is changed whenever you add single-unit data sets.
Single-unit data sets can be created and modified automatically, or modified manually. The manual setting is performed after the automatic setting, to delete spikes that the automatic selection included, but which don’t belong.
Before creating or modifying any single-unit data sets, set the “Single-unit data set #” to select the data set to create or modify.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUA | # of single-unit data sets | 0 |
| Page: 424 |
Waveform Parameter: # of cycle activity bursts
Full name: Number of bursts of waveform activity in run
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all analyses using cycle activity markers
This parameter is not entered directly, but rather is changed whenever you add or delete cycle activity markers.
Cycle activity markers can be set up automatically or manually. The manual setting is usually performed after the automatic setting, to touch up markers that are not quite right.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SCV | # of cycle activity bursts | 0 |
| Page: 425 |
Waveform Parameter: # of spike trains
Full name: Number of waveform spike trains in run
Range: [ 0, 32767 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all W.F. spike analyses
This parameter is not entered directly, but rather is changed whenever you add or delete spike train markers.
Spike train markers can be set up automatically or manually. The manual setting is usually performed after the automatic setting, to touch up markers that are not quite right.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SST | # of spike trains | 0 |
| Page: 426 |
Waveform Parameter: Virtual W.F. link code
Full name: Virtual W.F. link code
Range: [ 0, 299 ]
Initial value: 0
Affects: all functions and analyses that use waveforms
This code is not entered directly, but rather is changed whenever you Set or Reset the Virtual-W.F.
You can only set this parameter when the current waveform (i.e. the one for which you are setting W.F.-activity) does not exist as a real waveform in the run file. You are first asked for the number of the W.F. to be linked. Any function or analysis that is asked to use the current waveform will use the one you specify here instead. You have to specify the number of a real W.F., as the program can’t chain virtual W.F. links.
You are then asked if you want to differentiate the W.F. on the fly. If you answer Y, the program will differentiate the selected W.F. automatically when the current W.F. is requested. This can save disk space by eliminating the need to store differentiated waveforms. If you answer N, the program will give the selected W.F. as-is when the current W.F. is requested. This is useful when you want to set up two or more independent waveform parameter settings for the same waveform.
Because the selected W.F. is not copied, if it is ever changed or removed, the link to it will become unusable, or will yield different W.F. data. When viewing waveform calibration information, the links will be indicated, in the effective rate column, with the label “link to WF #” or “diff of WF #”. These links will only work in the analysis program — no permanent changes are made to the run file itself that would carry over to other programs — but the link will be saved with the waveform parameters for future use in analysis.
The code is composed of the two parameters you set: numbers in the range 100-115 are regular virtual links to waveforms 0-15, and numbers in the range 200-215 are virtual links to differentiated data for these waveforms. A zero indicates no link. However, you do not enter these numbers in directly, but rather you specify the waveform number from 0-15.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SV | Virtual W.F. link code | 0 |
| Page: 427 |
Waveform Parameter: Spike upper threshold
Full name: Upper threshold for peak of waveform spike
Units: V or A/D
Range: [ -32767 A/D, 32767 A/D ]
Initial value: not set
Affects: automatic selection of single-unit spike data
This parameter is used only when automatically setting single-unit data, to further eliminate spikes not rejected by the basic threshold-hysteresis-discriminator spike detection algorithm.
Unlike the first “Spike threshold” parameter, which determines the onset time of the spike, the upper threshold is a second, higher level that the spike much reach in order to be accepted. If the signal returns to the hysteresis level without having reached the upper threshold, the spike is rejected.
If the hysteresis is positive (above the threshold), the program will search for negative going spikes. In this case, the concepts of “rise” and “fall” are reversed, so the upper threshold selects how low the signal must dip between the onset and the time the hysteresis level is crossed.
| Key sequence | Parameter | Initial Value |
|---|---|---|
| <Esc>Wn<CR>SSUU | Spike upper threshold | 0 mV |
| Page: 601 |
Initial actions
The first step is to select the file to be analysed. This file can be specified on the command line used to run this program (e.g. analysis run001). Once in the program, you can specify the file by selecting the menu item “Load”, which will ask you for the file to be loaded.
Next, select the menu item “Analysis”, and make selections below this to choose the analysis method you want. Once an analysis method is chosen, you are returned to the main menu.
The next step is usually “View/Required” (select “View” from the main menu, then select “Required”) to see which parameters must be set for the analysis method you selected. This will also show you the key stroke sequences to type to set each parameter.
Once all parameters have been set appropriately, select “Go” to begin the analysis.
| Page: 602 |
Maintenance
The Maint selection allows you to perform various operations on the run file or the waveform files. Some of the selections here bring you to another menu, where you can set various parameters for the operation.
The choices are:
Blanking, to blank out certain sections of a waveform that coincide with the occurrence of spikes on it or another waveform;
Change-descr., to edit or replace the run description;
Differentiate, to calculate the differential of a waveform;
Erase-W.F., to delete a waveform;
Filter, to perform digital filtering on a waveform;
Gen.-trigger, to regenerate a trigger signal waveform;
Link-W.F., to create a new link to an existing waveform;
Make-W.F., to regenerate a trace signal as a waveform;
Reframe, to create a new set of spike-triggered frames from waveforms;
Select-frames, to run the frmsel program; and
Trim, to trim the run to a smaller size.
| Menu Selection | Action Performed |
|---|---|
| Blanking | Create a W.F. with blanked out intervals |
| Change-descr. | Change the run description for the current run |
| Differentiate | Calculate the differential of a waveform |
| Erase-W.F. | Erase a waveform |
| Filter | Create a smoothed waveform by filtering |
| Gen.-trigger | Regenerate a trigger signal waveform from frames |
| Link-W.F. | Create a link to a waveform |
| Make-W.F. | Create a waveform from a trace, using frame data |
| Quit | Return to previous menu |
| Reframe | Spike-trigger a new set of frames |
| Select-frames | Invoke frmsel program to select frames |
| Trim | Trim run to current analysis range |
| Page: 603 |
Maintenance: Blanking
The blanking operation allows you to copy a waveform, blanking out certain sections that coincide with the occurrence of spikes on another waveform. The “Spike W.F. #” parameter, which is also used for action potential analyses, selects the latter waveform. You must also set the spike-related waveform parameters for this waveform.
You are presented a menu of parameters which you should set before proceeding. First, use the Number selection to set the waveform number for the data to be blanked. Use the Window selection to specify the length of the blanking interval triggered by each spike, and the Delay selection to specify the time (positive or negative) from the start of a spike to the start of the associated blanking interval.
Once these parameters, and the spike-related parameters mentioned above are all set, use the Go selection of this menu to begin the blanking operation. If the parameters have been set correctly, you are asked for the number of the new waveform, which must be different from the one being blanked, and different from the waveform used to trigger the blanking. If you enter the number of a waveform which already exists, this waveform is erased, and the new one takes its place.
A “sample and hold” technique is used to achieve blanking. I.e. the last sample in the waveform before the start of the blanking interval is repeated throughout the duration of the blanking interval, and the existing samples in that range are ignored.
If the “Blank averaged window” option is set, then instead of the sample and hold technique, the program will calculate the averaged sweep from all blanking intervals, and subtract this average from each interval. The idea is this average will represent a template of the artifact you want to remove from the signal.
| Page: 604 |
Maintenance: Change-descr.
This selection allows you to edit or replace the run description for the current run. You will be prompted for the run description, with the current one given as the default value.
| Page: 605 |
Maintenance: Differentiate
The Differentiate operation allows you to calculate the differential of a waveform. You are first prompted for the number of the waveform to differentiate. You are then asked for the number of the new waveform, which must be different from the first one. If the second waveform already exists, it is erased. The differential is then calculated, and placed in this second waveform.
The resulting waveform contains differences between adjacent sample points in the first waveform, with the first point set to zero. An alternate unit specifier is set up at the end of the channel name for the new waveform, to indicate the units in which the waveform will be scaled when displayed.
| Page: 606 |
Maintenance: Erase-W.F.
This selection allows you to delete any waveform in the current run, whether it was captured as part of the original run, or created later by means of the Blanking, Differentiate, Filter, Gen.-trigger, Link-W.F. or Make-W.F. operations. It also deletes waveform parameters, so it can be used to remove a virtual waveform link, set up in the waveform parameters of a non-existant waveform. You will be prompted for the waveform number of the waveform to be deleted.
| Page: 607 |
Maintenance: Filter
The filter operation allows you to create a smoothed waveform by filtering an existing one. You can also rectify the signal before filtering it, to obtain the linear envelope of that signal. You are presented a menu of options and parameters which control the filtering. Some or all of these will have to be set before you can proceed.
First, use the Waveform selection to set the waveform number for the data to be filtered. Then use the Highpass selection to select high-pass filtering, or the Notch selection to select notch filtering. If both selections are enabled, high-pass overrides notch filtering. Low-pass filtering is the default action, when neither of these two selections is enabled.
Use the Zero-lag selection to select whether or not you want “zero-lag” (two pass) filtering to be performed. The algorithm used for low-pass filtering is a version of the “Second-order, zero-lag Butterworth filter”, but you can select whether or not the reverse pass is to be performed. If only the forward pass is made, phase-shift distortion will be introduced. If you select “zero-lag” filtering, it will take twice as long, but the reverse pass will eliminate the phase-shift. In either case, end-point extrapolation is used to start off the filter; points equal to the average of the first few points (and of the last few points) of the waveform are temporarily prepended (and appended) to the waveform.
The notch filter is a variable second-order, infinite impulse response (IIR) filter based on a bilinear transform, and the high-pass filter is a third order IIR filter. The Zero-lag option will also work with these, though phase lag tends to be less of a concern than with low-pass filtering at low cutoff frequencies.
Use the Cutoff selection to specify the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter. You are prompted for the frequency in Hertz, which can be any positive real number. The program limits the cutoff frequency to 1/3 of the sampling rate for the new waveform, to avoid the “ringing” caused by too high a cutoff frequency. If you enter the number 0, then filtering will not be performed — only the other processing, such as rectification and spurious point rejection, will occur.
The Divisor selection allows you to set the sampling rate divisor to be used when the new waveform is created. This divisor must be a positive integer. A divisor of 1, the initial value, will mean that the sampling rate will not be divided. The divisor must be 1 for “zero-lag” filtering.
The Rectify selection enables full-wave rectification of the signal, before filtering. This is disabled by default. The three remaining parameters — the rectifier baseline and the lower and upper window discriminators — can be set either by making the appropriate selection from the menu then entering the value, or by using the Visually selection then selecting the levels with the pointing device. (When you select Visually, the program asks you whether you want to view just the current analysis range, selected by the “Start of run” and “End of run” parameters, rather than the whole run. Whichever you choose, the waveform is displayed, and the cursor is turned on so you can point to the levels you want.) The window discriminators are used to perform spurious point rejection, as described below. If this is not desired, set them to the minimum and maximum allowed values. The baseline indicates the level to be used as the “zero” for full-wave rectification. To disable rectification, set it to the minimum allowed level, or just disable the Rectify option.
Finally, once all parameters have been set, use the Go selection of this menu to begin the filtering operation. If some of the parameters are set incorrectly, the operation will quit. Otherwise, you are asked for the number of the new waveform, which must be different from the one being filtered. If you enter the number of a waveform which already exists, this waveform is erased, and the new one takes its place.
A new waveform data file will be created, and any combination of four operations will be performed to generate the new waveform, depending on which options are set. If the window discriminators are set, spurious point rejection is performed; all points out of this range are rejected, and replaced with the last valid point. If the baseline level is set, the waveform will be full-wave rectified. If the cutoff frequency is set, the (possibly rectified) waveform will be filtered. Finally, if the divisor is set to some integer n, which is greater than 1, then the resulting waveform’s sampling rate will be divided by n. That is, only the first of every n points will be kept in the file. Once the operation has completed, the run header in the frame file is updated.
If the signal being filtering is fairly weak, you may want to amplify the signal to preserve the smoothness of the resulting signal. You can accomplish this by using the Amp selection to set the gain of the filter, before you start filtering. If you want to differentiate the filtered signal, a strong signal is needed, so you probably should amplify it. You can amplify a signal beyond the range of 4096 levels generated by the A/D converter; the software allows eight times that range. A problem can occur if you use too large a gain on a signal that is not centered on zero volts: the offset from zero volts is also amplified, and it can overflow the short integer in which it is stored, in the calibration information. If this occurs, the calibration will be incorrect. The relative voltage levels will still be accurate for the new waveform, but the voltage offset of the waveform will be false. This may not be a problem if you’re only interested in the differentials.
| Page: 608 |
Maintenance: Gen.-trigger
This selection allows you to regenerate a trigger signal as a waveform, based on the trigger times and tags in frames. This waveform can then be used for certain analyses based on waveform spikes. The current run file must be a run of raw data, and it must contain frames for this operation to work.
You are first asked whether to include deleted frames. If these frames had been deleted due to false triggering, you will likely want to exclude them. Otherwise, they should probably be included.
You are then asked for the number of the new waveform to be created. If this waveform already exists, it is erased. The program then generates a trigger signal on this waveform, at the sampling rate at which the run was captured. It will include 1 ms trigger pulses at the times the frames were triggered, each one followed by a 2 ms encoded level representing the tag value for the frame. See dsepr(1) for more information about tagging on the trigger signal.
| Page: 609 |
Maintenance: Link-W.F.
This selection allows you to create a link to a waveform. You are first prompted for the number of the waveform to be linked. You are then asked for the number of the new waveform, which must be different from the first one. If the second waveform already exists, it is erased.
The calibration information, and all other information in the run header associated with the first waveform, is duplicated for the new waveform. A link is then made to the waveform data file for this first waveform, so that the same data are available for either waveform number. This allows you to maintain separate sets of waveform parameters for what is really just one waveform.
| Page: 610 |
Maintenance: Reframe
The Reframe operation allows you to create a new set of frames, triggered by spikes on a waveform. You have the option of using “All” of the data (the entire run), or limiting it to a smaller “Range”. By reframing only a range of the run, all of the data outside of the current analysis range are simply ignored. You also have the option of creating a “New run”, which is a reframed (and maybe trimmed) version of the current run, selecting “Without-W.F.” to reframe (and perhaps trim) a new version of the current run without copying the waveforms, or you can “Overwrite” the current run directly.
This operation uses the same parameters as the spike-triggered waveform averaging analysis method, i.e. it is concerned with the spikes, or action potentials, on a waveform. The “Spike W.F. #” parameter selects this waveform, and you must set the spike-related waveform parameters for this waveform. Each action potential triggers a sweep from each of the waveforms in the “W.F. # list“. The “W.F. avg delay” and “W.F. avg window” control the onset and duration of each sweep.
All of the sweeps from one action potential form a single frame, and a frame is generated for each action potential. All existing frames (if any) are thrown out; only the new frames are kept. The trace numbers for the sweeps in these frames are the same as the waveform numbers in the list, and the calibration information for these new traces is simply copied from their corresponding waveforms.
If you are creating a new run, you will be asked to enter the run file name for this new run. If you enter the name of an existing run file, or if you are overwriting the current run, you will be asked for confirmation before the run is overwritten. The reframing is performed in a temporary file, so you will need enough free disk space to hold the generated run, even if you are overwriting an existing run. Once the new frame file is generated, unless you selected to reframe a new run without waveforms, the waveform files are generated (and possibly trimmed) as for the Trim operation. The same caveats apply to both operations.
This operation does not preserve links; even if waveform data files are linked together in the current run, separate data files are generated for each waveform in the reframed run. The exception to this is if you are reframing the entire run, and overwriting it, then the program won’t bother to copy the waveforms as they should remain as they are.
Note that neither the analysis parameters, nor the waveform parameters, are changed by this operation. If you create a new run, none of the parameter files are copied. If you trim your current run (by reframing a Range), the time-related parameters will no longer be properly set, and will eventually have to be re-entered. (These include the analysis range and the spike and cycle activity bursts for all waveforms.) Similarly, any trace-related parameters will no longer be appropriate for the new frames generated.
| Page: 611 |
Maintenance: Select-frames
This selection invokes the frmsel program to allow frame selection on the current run. See frmsel(1) for details.
| Page: 612 |
Maintenance: Trim
The Trim operation allows you to trim the run to a smaller size, by throwing out all the data outside of the current analysis range. You have the option of creating a “New run”, which is a trimmed version of the current run, or you can “Overwrite” the current run directly. If you are creating a new run, you will be asked to enter the run file name for this new run. If you enter the name of an existing run file, or if you are overwriting the current run, you will be asked for confirmation before the run is overwritten.
When the run is trimmed, frames in the frame file outside of the current analysis range are thrown out, and all waveform data files are shrunk so as to include only samples in that range. The trimming is performed in temporary files, so you will need enough free disk space to hold the trimmed run, even if you are overwriting an existing run. This operation does not preserve links; even if waveform data files are linked together in the current run, separate data files are generated for each waveform in the trimmed run.
Note that neither the analysis parameters, nor the waveform parameters, are changed by this operation. If you create a new run, none of the parameter files are copied. If you trim your current run, the time-related parameters will no longer be properly set, and will eventually have to be re-entered. (These include the analysis range and the spike and cycle activity bursts for all waveforms.)
| Page: 613 |
Maintenance: Set baseline & window discriminators visually
Three of the filtering parameters — the rectifier baseline and the lower and upper window discriminators — can be set either by making the appropriate selection from the menu then entering the value, or by using the Visually selection then selecting the levels with the pointing device. When you select Visually, the program asks you whether you want to view just the current analysis range, selected by the “Start of run” and “End of run” parameters, rather than the whole run. Whichever you choose, the waveform is displayed, and the cursor is turned on so you can point to the levels you want.
The window discriminators are used to perform spurious point rejection: all points out of this range are rejected, and replaced with the last valid point. If this is not desired, set them to the minimum and maximum allowed values.
The baseline indicates the level to be used as the “zero” for full-wave rectification. To disable rectification, set it to the minimum allowed level, or just disable the Rectify option.
| Page: 614 |
Maintenance: Make-W.F.
This selection allows you to regenerate a trace signal as a waveform, based on the sweeps of data stored in frames. This waveform can then be used for certain analyses based on waveforms. The current run file must contain frames for this operation to work.
You are first asked for the trace number for the trace to be converted. If this trace has no points, the operation will end.
You are then asked whether to include deleted frames. Unless you have a good reason not to include them, they should probably be included. The program will interpolate missing data between frames that are included.
If the current run file contains averaged data, and no waveforms exist in this run, then the program can reset the run length to the correct value for the waveform that will be generated. This waveform will be the concatenation of all frames from first to last, with no intervening gaps. Depending on the averaging method used, this may be a sensible approach, or it may not. You’ll have to be the judge. The program will ask if it’s OK to change the run length. If you answer “No”, or if it can’t change the length because waveforms already exist, then it will pad or truncate the waveform it generates to match the current run length.
You are then asked for the number of the new waveform to be created. If this waveform already exists, it is erased. The program then generates the trace signal on this waveform, at the sampling rate at which the trace was captured. For raw trace data, it will create the missing parts between captured sweeps by interpolating from the last point of one sweep to the first point of the next sweep. Before the first sweep, it will create a straight line at the level of the first point, and similarly at the end of the last sweep, it will extend a line from the last sample to the end of the run. (This is also how it will pad averaged data, if it has to.)
The calibration information, and all other information in the run header associated with the selected trace, is duplicated for the new waveform.
Copyright © 1984-2019, Gilles Detillieux, Spinal Cord Research Centre, University of Manitoba. All Rights Reserved.